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. 2021 Apr 20;151(6):1572–1580. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab044

TABLE 3.

Pearson's correlation coefficients for the relationship between intakes of different energy sources and rapid weight gain (upward weight-for-age percentile crossing) among infants (9–12 months) and toddlers (13–15 months)1

r
All, n = 141 Infants, n = 97 Toddlers, n = 44
All food sources
 Energy, kcal/d 0.073 −0.026 0.3182
 Carbohydrates, kcal/d 0.073 −0.059 0.4033
 Protein, kcal/d 0.025 −0.012 0.161
 Fat, kcal/d 0.036 0.026 0.065
 Added sugars, kcal/d 0.2804 0.2693 0.3853
Milk-based sources
 Energy, kcal/d 0.059 0.118 −0.099
 Carbohydrates, kcal/d 0.076 0.141 −0.090
 Protein, kcal/d 0.111 0.186 −0.102
 Fat, kcal/d 0.032 0.076 −0.104
 Added sugars, kcal/d 0.2184 0.2633 0.080
Table food sources
 Energy, kcal/d 0.012 −0.092 0.3312
 Carbohydrates, kcal/d 0.017 −0.121 0.3983
 Protein, kcal/d −0.003 −0.056 0.169
 Fat, kcal/d 0.004 −0.033 0.129
 Added sugars, kcal/d 0.143 0.061 0.3702
1

Pearson's correlation coefficients assessed bivariate relationships between intakes from different energy sources and upward weight-for-age percentile crossing. Then, if significant correlations were observed, a multivariable regression analysis was performed, controlling for covariates (i.e., gestational age, sex, age, first introduction to solid foods, and mean energy intakes, as well as maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and education). Weight-for-age percentile was calculated using the WHO's growth charts (29).

2

P < 0.05.

3

P < 0.01.

4

P < 0.001.