Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of ZIKV-exposed pregnancies and newborns.
| Characteristics | Confirmed congenital infection at birth | Negative testing at birth | Std diff |
|---|---|---|---|
| N = 18 | N = 111 | ||
| Maternal age at birth (years)—median (min–max) | 25 (18–38) | 26 (18–43) | 0.09 |
| Maternal socioeconomic status—no. (%) | |||
| Low | 6 (33.3%) | 38 (34.2%) | −0.02 |
| Moderate | 8 (44.4%) | 46 (41.4%) | 0.06 |
| High | 1 (5.6%) | 8 (7.2%) | −0.07 |
| Unknown | 3 (16.7%) | 19 (17.1%) | −0.01 |
| Maternal exposure during pregnancy—no. (%) | |||
| Alcohol consumption | 1 (5.6%) | 12 (10.8%) | −0.19 |
| Drug use | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.9%) | 0.13 |
| Current smoker | 1 (5.6%) | 5 (4.5%) | 0.05 |
| Lead poisoning | 1 (5.6%) | 6 (5.4%) | 0.01 |
| Any maternal co-morbiditiesπ—no (%) | 3 (16.7%) | 15 (13.5%) | 0.09 |
| Diabetes (previous or gestational) | 1 (5.6%) | 7 (6.3%) | −0.03 |
| Vascular pathologies | 1 (5.6%) | 5 (4.5%) | 0.05 |
| Severe anemia | 1 (5.6%) | 5 (4.5%) | 0.05 |
| Co-infections* | 1 (5.6%) | 2 (1.8%) | 0.20 |
| Maternal Zika infection—no (%) | |||
| Symptomatic | 4 (22.2%) | 22 (19.8%) | 0.06 |
| Asymptomatic | 14 (77.8%) | 89 (80.2%) | −0.06 |
| Trimester of maternal Zika infection diagnosis—no. (%) | |||
| T1 infection | 7 (38.9%) | 27 (24.3%) | 0.31 |
| T2 infection | 7 (38.9%) | 37 (33.3%) | 0.11 |
| T3 infection | 2 (11.1%) | 25 (22.5%) | −0.30 |
| Unknown | 2 (11.1%) | 22 (19.8%) | −0.24 |
| Dichorionic twins | 2 (11.1%) | 6 (5.4%) | 0.20 |
| Fetus gender—no. (%) | |||
| Female | 10 (55.6%) | 63 (56.8%) | −0.02 |
| Male | 8 (44.4%) | 48 (43.2%) | 0.02 |
| Term at birth (weeks’ gestation)—median (min–max) | 39 (32–41) | 39 (36–41) | −0.18 |
| Premature birth <37 wg | 1 (5.6%) | 6 (5.4%) | 0.01 |
| Mode of delivery—no. (%) | |||
| Normal | 13 (72.2%) | 97 (87.4%) | −0.38 |
| C-section | 5 (27.8%) | 14 (12.6%) | 0.38 |
| Neonatal adaptation | |||
| Abnormal Apgar score (<6 at 5 min)—no (%) | 2 (11.1%) | 13 (11.7%) | −0.02 |
| Abnormal lactate level (> 4.5)—no (%) | 2 (11.1%) | 16 (14.4%) | −0.09 |
Age, weight, and term variables are presented as a median with extreme values. For qualitative variables, absolute frequencies and relative frequencies (percentages) are presented. Baseline characteristics are compared between groups using standardized differences.
Alcohol consumption was defined as ongoing consumption during the pregnancy after its diagnosis. Current smoking was defined as ongoing smoking during pregnancy after its diagnosis. Baseline characteristics were considered unbalanced if standardized differences (Std diff) were > 0.1.
πincluding multiple maternal co-morbidities.
*One primary cytomegalovirus infection in the infected group; one primary CMV and one primary toxoplasmosis infection in the control group.