Table 3.

Neonatal and early infantile outcomes, from birth to 2 months of life.

Neonatal and early infantile outcomes—from birth to 2 months of life	Confirmed congenital infection at birth	Negative testing at birth	p
	N = 18	N = 111
Status at 2 months of life—no (%)
Alive	17 (94.4%)	111 (100.0%)	0.1400
Neonatal demise	1 (5.6%)	0 (0.0%)	0.1400
Microcephaly < −3SD
At birth*—no (%)	2 (11.1%)	1 (0.9%)	0.0077
At 2 months**—no (%)a	2/17 (11.8%)	1 (0.9%)	0.0077
Weight < −2SD
At birth—no (%)*	2 (11.1%)	12 (10.8%)	0.9256
At 2 months**—no (%)a	2/17 (11.8%)	8/111 (7.2%)	0.5656
Structural brain anomalies—no (%)	6 (33.3%)	3 (2.7%)	<0.0001
Cortical development anomaly	4 (22.2%)	0 (0.0%)	<0.0001
Corpus callosum anomaly	4 (22.2%)	2 (1.8%)	0.0030
Calcifications or cystic lesions	5 (27.8%)	1 (0.9%)	<0.0001
Posterior fossa anomaly	4 (22.2%)	0 (0.0%)	<0.0001
Ventriculomegaly	4 (22.2%)	1 (0.9%)	0.0010
Ocular anomalies—no (%)
Microphtalmy	1 (5.6%)	0 (0.0%)	0.1400
Fundoscopy anomalies	3/10 (30.0%)	2/34 (5.9%)	0.0330
Subretinal hemorrhage	2/10 (20.0%)	1/34 (2.9%)	0.0599
Chorioretinal lacunae	2/10 (20.0%)	1/34 (2.9%)	0.0599
Macula atrophy	1/10 (10.0%)	1/34 (2.9%)	0.3462
Abnormal otoacoustic emission—no (%)	2/12 (16.7%)	1/43 (2.3%)	0.1170
Severe neurologic symptoms—no (%)	5 (27.8)	1 (0.9%)	<0.0001
Arthrogryposis	1 (5.6%)	0 (0.0%)	0.1400
Hypertonia	3 (16.7%)	0 (0.0%)	0.0020
Dysphagia/swallowing disorders	2 (11.8%)	0 (0.0%)	0.0190
Seizures	1 (5.6%)	1 (0.9%)	0.2610
NICU admission—no (%)	3 (16.7%)	14 (12.6%)	0.6372

Weight and head circumference (HC) variables are presented as medians with extreme values. For qualitative variables, absolute frequencies and relative frequencies (percentages) are presented. Secondary outcomes were compared across the groups using χ², Fischer, and Wilcoxon tests.

^a128 alive infants evaluated at 1 and 2 months of life.

*According to Intergrowth21 charts.

**According to WHO Child Growth Standards. Exact p values were estimated by χ², Fischer, or Wilcoxon tests (two-sided).