Table 2.
Methodological quality of the included studies [The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro analysis)].
| Study | Score | Methodological quality | PEDro item number | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | |||
| Chen et al. 2018 (31) | 6 | Good | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Hassan et al. 2016 (32) | 6 | Good | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| I Iranzo et al. 2018 (40) | 6 | Good | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Jung et al. 2019 (41) | 6 | Good | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Kim et al. 2012 (42) | 7 | Good | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Kim et al. 2013 (43) | 7 | Good | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Lichtenberg et al. 2019 (44) | 7 | Good | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Mafi et al. 2019 (45) | 6 | Good | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Makizako et al. 2020 (46) | 7 | Good | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Maruya et al. 2016 (47) | 5 | Fair | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Piastra et al. 2018 (33) | 5 | Fair | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Strasser et al. 2018 (34) | 6 | Good | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Tsekoura et al. 2018 (35) | 6 | Good | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Vikberg et al. 2019 (36) | 7 | Good | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Wei et al. 2016 (37) | 6 | Good | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Yamada et al. 2019 (38) | 7 | Good | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Zhu et al. 2019 (39) | 8 | Good | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Studies were classified as having excellent (9–10), good (6–8), fair (4–5), or poor (< 4).
Scale of item score: 0, absent; 1, present. The PEDro scale criteria are (1) eligibility criteria, (2) random allocation, (3) concealed allocation, (4) similarity at baseline on key measures, (5) subject blinding, (6) therapist blinding, (7) assessor blinding, (8) more than 85% follow-up of at least 1 key outcome, (9) intention-to-treat analysis, (10) between-group statistical comparison for at least one key outcome, and (11) point estimates and measures of variability provided for at least one key outcome.