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. 2021 May 19;9:661837. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.661837

Table 2.

Characteristics of the converged mesoscale structural finite element models after adaptation to the healthy and sedentary scenarios.

L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 Average
Cortical elements 2,964 3,390 3,620 3,600 3,712 3457.2
Trabecular elements
(initial mesh)		 89,042 101,805 115,063 115,988 130,460 110471.6
Vertebra volume
(mm3)		 54,400 59,320 69,630 70,094 78,820 66,453
Healthy Load cases 114 115 118 116 113 115.2
scenario Iterations to convergence 25 23 30 20 27 25
Trabecular elements
(converged model)		 79,826 86,905 93,452 98,558 96,483 91044.8
Trabecular connectivity
Mean (SD) 18.20 (3.96) 17.45 (4.23) 16.77 (4.30) 17.21 (3.96) 16.38 (4.36) 17.20 (4.16)
Minimum 1 1 1 1 1 1
Maximum 49 45 53 46 31 44.8
Trabecular volume
(mm3)		 9,185 7,948 7,828 9,010 10,050 8,804
Cortical volume
(mm3)		 6,026 4,608 3,875 4,877 2,249 4,327
Relative density
(% of bone volume over total volume)		 27.96 21.17 16.81 19.81 15.60 20.27
Dead elements
(% of initial trabecular elements)		 10.35 14.64 18.78 15.03 26.04 16.97
Sedentary Load cases 51 48 51 51 52 50.6
scenario Iterations to convergence 24 38 56 39 44 40.2
Trabecular elements
(converged model)		 49,535 57,404 38,233 63,703 61,477 54070.4
Trabecular connectivity
Mean (SD) 14.70 (4.64) 13.36 (4.53) 10.75 (4.39) 12.78 (4.36) 13.88 (4.67) 13.10 (4.52)
Minimum 1 1 1 1 1 1
Maximum 28 37 26 36 28 31
Trabecular volume
(mm3)		 3,074 3,246 2,468 3,765 4,729 3,456
Cortical volume
(mm3)		 1,549 1,628 1,666 3,476 1,719 2,008
Relative density
(% of bone volume over total volume)		 8.50 8.22 5.94 10.33 8.18 8.23
Dead elements
(% of initial trabecular elements)		 37.95 33.95 59.09 35.36 36.28 40.53