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. 2021 May 19;12:650830. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.650830

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Copyright © 2021 Narayana, Gibbs, Fulton, McGregor, Mudigoudar, Weatherspoon, Boop and Wheless.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Validation of TMS motor mapping by CSM. Presurgical TMS-derived motor mapping in a 2.3-year-old female with tuberous sclerosis complex type 2. (A): TMS localized motor cortex in the right hemisphere in the precentral gyrus in the vicinity of a tuber. (B): The child underwent subdural grid placement, and the epileptogenic focus was localized to be anterior to the motor cortex. (C): The child underwent right anterior frontal lobectomy including the epileptogenic focus. Post-operatively, the child moves all extremities equally with normal bulk and strength and uses either hand to reach for an object.