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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 20.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Phys Chem. 2020 Dec 1;72:51–72. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090419-115951

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Phase diagrams of ternary lipid mixtures exhibit the same overall topology. Curves on the phase diagrams indicate phase boundaries. In particular, the high cholesterol phase boundary defines the boundary of the liquid-liquid miscibility gap in each case. Sample points and/or deduced tie-line endpoints are indicated in some cases, and some diagrams label single phases as Lα or Ld, Lo, and Lβ or So with abbreviations given below. (a) DPhPC/ DPPC/Chol by fluorescence microscopy at 16°C. Panel a adapted from Reference 41 with permission. (b) DOPC/DPPC/Chol by deuterium NMR spectroscopy. Panel b adapted from Reference 45 with permission. (c) DOPC/DSPC/Chol by fluorescence microscopy and FRET. Panel c adapted from Reference 46 with permission. (d) DPC/PSM/Chol by FRET, neutron scattering, and DSC. Panel d adapted from Reference 47 with permission. (e) POPC/PSM/Chol by EPR spectroscopy. Panel e adapted from Reference 43 with permission. (f) DOPC/eggSM/Chol by atomic force microscopy at 28°C. Panel f adapted from Reference 48 with permission. Abbreviations: BSM, brain sphingomyelin; Chol, cholesterol; DOPC, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; DPC, dodecylphosphocholine; DPhPC, diphytanoyl phosphatidylcholine; DPPC, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; DSC, differential scanning calorimetry; DSPC, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; eggSM, egg sphingomyelin; EPR, electron paramagnetic resonance; FRET, Förster resonance energy transfer; Lα, lamellar liquid crystalline phase; Lβ, a lamellar gen phase; Ld, liquid-disordered phase; Lo, liquid-ordered phase; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; POPC,1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; PSM, palmitoylsphingomyelin; So, solid or gel phase.