Table 1.
Demographics, Schizophrenia Severity, and Exposures
| Control, n = 13 | Case, n = 17 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age | <0.0001* | ||
| Median (range) | 20.9 (18.1 to 45.4) | 43.3 (29.4 to 63.3) | |
| Sex | 0.0271* | ||
| Male | 3 | 12 | |
| Female | 10 | 5 | |
| Race | 0.0004* | ||
| Caucasian | 6 | 9 | |
| Asian | 7 | 0 | |
| African American | 0 | 7 | |
| Other | 0 | 1 | |
| Employment | <0.0001* | ||
| Student | 9 | 0 | |
| Medically disabled | 0 | 14 | |
| Part time | 3 | 2 | |
| Full time | 1 | 0 | |
| Retired | 0 | 1 | |
| Years in NC | 0.0003* | ||
| Median (range) | 14 (1 to 24) | 28.5 (3 to 49) | |
| Living area | |||
| Urban | 2 | 7 | 0.3105 |
| Suburban | 9 | 7 | |
| Rural | 2 | 3 | |
| SCZ severity scores | |||
| Q-LES | |||
| Percentage | 78.6 (57.1 to 96.4) | 69.6 (44.6 to 92.9) | 0.1799 |
| PANSS | |||
| Positive | 8.5 (7 to 18) | 18.5 (10 to 29) | <0.0001* |
| Negative | 9.5 (7 to 15) | 14 (10 to 23) | 0.0019* |
| General | 21 (16 to 29) | 33.5 (20 to 46) | 0.0003* |
| BACS | |||
| Composite | 0.739 (0.113 to 1.12) | −0.390 (−1.31 to 0.676) | <0.0001* |
| Reported exposures | |||
| Dog contact | |||
| No. of participants who currently own a dog | 6 | 4 | 0.3619 |
| Years participant has owned a dog (median, range) | 4 years (1 to 11) | 8 years (1 to 41) | 0.2887 |
| No. of participants bitten/scratched by dog | 7 | 6 | 0.5193 |
| Cat contact | |||
| No. of participants who currently own a cat | 4 | 3 | 0.6844 |
| Years participant has owned a cat (median, range) | 8.5 years (1 to 22) | 20 years (2.5 to 48) | 0.1325 |
| No. of participants bitten/scratched by cat | 9 | 7 | 0.2473 |
| Insect bites | |||
| Mosquitoes | 12 | 14 | 0.8003 |
| Bees | 8 | 11 | 1 |
| Ticks | 6 | 6 | 0.8215 |
| Fleas | 2 | 7 | 0.2603 |
| Spiders | 3 | 4 | 1 |
| Biting flies | 4 | 4 | 0.9778 |
| Bedbugs | 0 | 7 | 0.0273* |
| Lice | 3 | 1 | 0.406 |
Number of participants or median and range reported for each category. Median and range of severity scores based on three assessment tools for cases and controls. p Values for comparison between cases and controls, using chi-squared tests (or Fisher exact tests for small group numbers) for proportions and Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables.
Statistical significant considered at p < 0.01 to correct for multiple comparisons for secondary outcome (severity scores), and at p < 0.05 for exploratory analysis (demographics and reported exposures).
BCAS, Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; Q-LES, Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire; SCZ, schizophrenia.