Table 1.
Sources of environmental contaminants in personal care products
| Environmental contaminants in PCPs | Source of exposure | References |
|---|---|---|
| Alkylphenol polyethoxylates (APEOs): nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs), octylphenol (OP), 4-n-octylphenol (4OP), 4-tert-octylphenol (4tOP), octylphenol ethoxylates (OPEs) |
Detergents, disinfectants, surface cleaners | (7, 35) |
| Antimicrobials: 1,4-dichlorobenzene, ortho-phenylphenol, triclocarban (TCC), triclosan (TCS) |
Deodorants, detergents, toothpastes, soaps, | (7, 22, 36) |
| Bisphenols: bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol AF (BPAF), bisphenol S (BPS), |
Conditioners, detergents, lotions, nail polishes, shampoos, shaving creams, soaps, sunscreens | (7, 23) |
| Cyclosiloxanes: hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) |
Antiperspirants, baby lotions, baby oils, baby shampoos, deodorants, diaper creams, fragrances, hair care products, lotions, nail polishes, skin cleansers | (25) |
| Ethanolamines: monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), triethanolamine (TEA) |
Cleaners, detergents, shampoos | (7) |
| Fragrances: cashmeran (DPMI), celestolide (ABDI), galaxolide (HHCB), phantolide (AHDI), toxalide (AHTN), traseolide (ATII) |
Air fresheners, body creams, cleaners, deodorants, detergents, fabric softeners, facial cleanser, lotion, soaps, sunscreen | |
| Glycol ethers: 2-methoxyethanol (ME), 2-ethoxyethanol (EE), 2-isopropoxyethanol (IPE), 2-butoxyethanol (BE) |
Cleaners, face lotion, polish/wax, sunscreen, and shaving cream | |
| Insect repellents: bayrepel (BR), ethyl butyl-acetylamino propionate (IR3535), indole (ID), N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), picaridin, piperonyl butoxide (PBO) |
Creams, lotion, spray containing insect repellents | (29, 30) |
| Parabens: methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP), butylparaben (BP), benzylparaben (BePB) |
Blush, cosmetics, foundation, mascara, sunscreen | (7, 38) |
| Phthalate: benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di (2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP) |
Antiperspirants, cosmetics, deodorants, diaper creams, body creams, body lotions, baby oils, fragrances, hair gels, hair sprays, mousses, nail polishes, skin cleansers, shampoos | (8, 33) |
| UV filters: benzophenone-1 (BP1), benzophenone-2 (BP2), benzophenone-3 (BP3), benzophenone-4 (BP4), 3-benzylidene camphor (3BC), benzyl salicylate (BS), 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone (4DHB), 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC), ethoxylated ethyl 4-amino benzoate (PEG25-PABA), ethyl-4-aminobenzoate (Et-PABA), homosalate (HMS), 4-hydroxy benzophenone (4HB), isopentyl-4-methoxycinnamate (IMC), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4MBC), octocrylene (OC), octyl dimethyl para amino benzoate (OD-PABA), octyl-methoxycinnamate (OMC), octyl salicylate (OS), para amino-benzoic acid (PABA), phenyl salicylate (PS) titanium dioxide (TiO2) zinc oxide (ZnO) |
Face creams, skin lotion, sunscreen lotion | (34, 36, 39-41) |