Table 3.

Effect of probiotics supplementation on metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation markers

Variable	Probiotic group (n = 22)	Placebo group (n = 22)	P-value
IL-10 (ng/dl)
Baseline	5.11 ± 4.60	4.76 ± 3.60	0.35 (− 2.4 to 2.7), 0.930**
End	5.14 ± 2.91	5.78 ± 2.29	0.56 (− 2.6 to 1.6), 0.605***
MD (95% CI), P*	0.60 (− 1.4, 2.6) 0.542	1.04 (− 1.31, 3.59) 0.399
IL1-Beta (pg/mL)
Baseline	5.62 ± 3.72	5.31 ± 2.09	−0.31 (− 1.4 to 2.6), 0.723**
End	3.75 ± 2.10	5.81 ± 3.60	2.05 (− 3.8 to − 0.25), 0.027***
MD (95% CI), P*	− 1.88 (− 3.25, − 0.48) 0.010	0.50 (− 1.58, 2.56) 0.546
LPS (ng/ml)
Baseline	21.92 (11.64)	26.18 (16.85)	4.25 (−13.1, 4.4), 0.335**
End	16.04 (6.8)	23.22 (12.22)	7.27 (−13.4, − 1.4), 0.016***
MD (95% CI), P*	−5.88 (− 10.74, − 1.09), 0.019	− 2.96 (− 11.6, 5.7), 0.165
TLR4 (ng/ml)
Baseline	11.59 (7.22)	10.58 (8.30)	1.01 (− 2.4, 5.6), 0.765**
End	9.8 (7.24)	11.85 (5.6)	2.2 (−5.3, 1.8), 0.301***
MD (95% CI), P*	−1.79 (−6.21, 3.10), 0.488	1.27 (− 1.7, 4.7), 0.581

LPS Lipopolysaccharide, Mean (SD) and Mean difference (95% CI) are presented for data

^* P based on Paired samples t-test

^** P based on Independent samples t-test

^*** P based on ANCOVA adjusted for baseline values, weight, PAL, and calorie intakes