Figure 3 .

Pharmacological activation of SERCA restored mitochondrial swelling, OCR and ROS production in mdx mice. (A) Absorbance at 540 nm by mitochondria in response to an exogenous high-Ca2+ solution (200 μm CaCl2). After daily administration of CDN1163 to 14-week-old male mdx mice for 1 week, mitochondria were isolated from the TA and GC muscles. Absorbance was measured before and 10 min after Ca2+ addition. A decrease in absorbance indicated swelling of the mitochondria. (B) The maximal change in absorbance at 540 nm by mitochondria in response to high external Ca²⁺ solution. (C and D) The OCR (OCR) and ROS production in mitochondria isolated from BL6 and mdx mice treated with vehicle or CDN1163. Data are presented as the means ± SEMs. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001 by ANOVA with the Tukey–Kramer test.