Table 3.
List of nano and macro-materials used for the cancer immunotherapy.
| Nanomaterial | Functionalization | Delivering agent | Target/Action |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaccine development | |||
| Iron and Zinc NS | Gene of interest | DC | |
| Polymeric NPs | UPNP coated | OVA | DC |
| DepoVax | TACE, topoisomerase II α, EDDR1, B cell receptor specific protein 31 (CDM), γ catenin | DC | |
| PLGA NPs | PEG and mAbs | OVA and TLR ligand | DC |
| Liposomal complex | mRNA of neoantigen | DC | |
| WDVAX | Tumor lysate with GM-CSF and CpG | DC | |
| Immune cells manipulation | |||
| Poly (beta-amino ester) NPs | Anti-CD3e f(ab’)2 fragment-modified poly(glutamic) acid + peptides containing the microtubule-associated sequence + NLS | 194-1BBz CAR | T cells |
| Polymeric NPs | CAR transgene and plasmids encoding iPB7 transpose | T cells | |
| Liposomes | Maleimide, F(ab’)2 fragment | IL-15SA and IL-21 | T cells |
| Reduction sensitive nanogel | Anti-CD45 antibody and PEG-b-pol(l-lysine) | IL-15SA | T cells |
| PLGA NPs | Anti-CD3e f(ab’)2 fragment, Anti-PD-1 | SD208 | T cells |
| PLGA NPs | Anti-PD-1 | R848 | T cells |
| Iron oxide NPs (ferumoxytol) | TAM | ||
| L-lysine NPs | Crosslinking with Succinyl-β-CD | R848 inhibitor | TAM |
| Liposomes | Protamine and hyaluronic acid | siRNA against CD47 | CD47 immunoglobulin |
| IR700 | Anti-CD25 F(ab’)2 fragments | Tregs | |
| Methacrylated β-cyclodextrin + PEG-polylactide diacrylate NPs | SB505 + IL-2 | T cells, NK cells, Tregs | |
| Liposome-protaminehyaluronic acid NPs | siRNA against TGF-β + CpG | T cells, NK Cells, Tregs | |
| PEG-PLGA NPs. | Methyl-2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oate | Myeloid-suppressor Cells, Tregs | |
| PLHMGA microparticles | Anti-CD40 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies | DC, T cells | |
Abbreviation: TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE), epithelial discoidin domain receptor I (EDDR1), nuclear localization signals (NLS), polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), toll-like receptor (TLR), poly (D, L-lactic-co-hydroxymethyl glycolic acid) (PLHMGA), FMSrelated tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L), CC-chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20), 1-methyl-DL-tryptophan (1-MT), polyethyleneimine (PEI),