Table 1.
Genetic biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases.
| Gene | Protein | Neurodegenerative Disease |
|---|---|---|
| SNCA | Alpha-synuclein | monogenic PD |
| LRRK2 | Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 | monogenic PD |
| PINK2 | PTEN-induced kinase 1 | monogenic PD |
| PARK2 | Parkin | monogenic PD |
| DJ-1 | DJ-1 | monogenic PD |
| VPS35 | Vacuolar protein sorting ortholog 35 | monogenic PD |
| GBA | Glucocerebrosidase | PD (risk factor) |
| APP | Amyloid precursor protein | monogenic AD |
| PSEN1 | Presenilin 1 | monogenic AD |
| PSEN2 | Presenilin 2 | monogenic AD |
| APOE (ε4 allele) | Apolipoprotein-E | AD (risk factor) |
| TREM2 | TREM2 | AD (risk factor) |
| TARDBP | TDP-43 | monogenic ALS |
| SOD1 | Superoxide dismutase 1 | monogenic ALS |
| FUS | Fused-in sarcoma | monogenic ALS |
| C9orf72 | C9orf72 | ALS (risk factor) |
| KIF5A | KIF5A | ALS (risk factor) |