Table 3.
Results of bivariate and multivariable analyses of factors associated with stroke in patients on hemodialysis.
| Bivariate | Multivariable | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p Value | HR (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Age at initiation of HD (ref: 80 years old or over) | ||||
| 20–49 years-old | 0.22 (0.07–0.72) † | 0.012 * | 0.42 (0.10–1.85) † | 0.253 |
| 50–79 years-old | 1.90 (0.91–3.96) † | 0.088 | 0.71 (0.28–1.77) † | 0.464 |
| Hypertension | 1.9 × 108 (0–N/A) | 0.999 | ||
| Diabetes (ref: non-diabetes) | 1.94 (1.04–3.63) | 0.039 * | / | / |
| Dyslipidemia (ref: non-dyslipidemia) | 1.03 (0.56–1.89) | 0.919 | / | / |
| Diabetic nephropathy (ref: non-diabetic nephropathy) | 2.54 (1.41–4.58) | 0.002 * | 2.24 (1.21–4.12) | 0.001 * |
| Period (ref: middle period) | ||||
| Early period | 0.60 (0.31–1.15) ‡ | 0.598 | / | / |
| Late period | 0.42 (0.12–1.43) ‡ | 0.167 | / | / |
| Online HDF (ref: without online HDF) | 0.09 (0.02–0.39) | <0.001 * | 0.13 (0.03–0.56) | 0.006 * |
| Atrial fibrillation (ref: non-atrial fibrillation) | 1.33 (0.59–2.96) | 0.491 | / | / |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| CRP > 0.3 (ref: CRP ≤ 0.3) | 1.62 (0.88–2.98) | 0.122 | / | / |
| PTH > 240 (ref: PTH ≤ 240) | 1.65 (0.89–3.07) | 0.110 | / | / |
| Kt/V < 1.2 (ref: Kt/V ≥ 1.2) | 1.66 (0.93–2.96) | 0.088 | / | / |
| URR < 65 (ref: URR ≥ 65) | 3.47 (1.81–6.68) | <0.001 * | 3.33 (1.73–6.42) | 0.001 * |
* Values of p < 0.05 are considered statistically significant. † The values of HR and 95% CI are based on age at initiation of HD (≥80 years of age). ‡ The values of HR and 95% CI are based on middle period. HD, hemodialysis; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; ref, reference; N/A, not available; HDF, hemodialysis filtration; CRP, C-reactive protein; PTH, parathyroid hormone; Kt/V, K dialyzer clearance of urea, t dialysis time, V volume of distribution of urea; URR, urea reduction ratio.