Table 4.
Bivariate and multivariable analyses of factors associated with ischemic stroke in patients on hemodialysis.
| Bivariate | Multivariable | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p Value | HR (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Age at initiation of HD (ref: 80 years old or over) | ||||
| 20–49 years-old | 0.23 (0.05–1.01) † | 0.051 | / | / |
| 50–79 years-old | 2.11 (0.78–5.63) † | 0.137 | / | / |
| Hypertension | 1.9 × 108 (0–N/A) | 0.999 | ||
| Diabetes (ref: non-diabetes) | 1.99 (0.88–4.51) | 0.097 | / | / |
| Dyslipidemia (ref: non-dyslipidemia) | 0.79 (0.35–1.81) | 0.585 | / | / |
| Diabetic nephropathy (ref: non-diabetic nephropathy) | 2.66 (1.23–5.75) | 0.013 * | 2.16 (1.00–4.64) | 0.049 * |
| Period (ref: middle period) | ||||
| Early period | 0.37 (0.15–0.91) ‡ | 0.030 * | 0.31 (0.13–0.75) ‡ | 0.010 * |
| Late period | 0.25 (0.03–1.92) ‡ | 0.248 | 0.16 (0.02–1.29) ‡ | 0.085 |
| Online HDF (ref: without online HDF) | 0.08 (0.01–0.59) | 0.013 * | 0.08 (0.01–0.60) | 0.014 * |
| Atrial fibrillation (ref: non-atrial fibrillation) | 1.71 (0.65–4.51) | 0.279 | / | / |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| CRP > 0.3 (ref: CRP ≤ 0.3) | 2.13 (0.99–4.58) | 0.054 | / | / |
| PTH > 240 (ref: PTH ≤ 240) | 1.57 (0.71–3.49) | 0.269 | / | / |
| Kt/V < 1.2 (ref: Kt/V ≥ 1.2) | 2.00 (0.94–4.27) | 0.073 | / | / |
| URR < 65 (ref: URR ≥ 65) | 2.42 (1.09–5.37) | 0.030 * | 2.00 (0.88–4.52) | 0.096 |
* Values of p < 0.05 are considered statistically significant. † The values of HR and 95% CI are based on age at initiation of HD (≥80 years of age). ‡ The values of HR and 95% CI are based on middle period. HD, hemodialysis; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; ref, reference; N/A, not available; HDF, hemodialysis filtration; CRP, C-reactive protein; PTH, parathyroid hormone; Kt/V, K dialyzer clearance of urea, t dialysis time, V volume of distribution of urea; URR, urea reduction ratio.