Table 5.
Bivariate and multivariable analyses of factors associated with stroke and/or death in patients on hemodialysis.
| Bivariate | Multivariable | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p Value | HR (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Age at initiation of HD (ref: 80 years old or over) | ||||
| 20–49 years-old | 0.12 (0.05–0.29) † | <0.001 * | 0.13 (0.05–0.35) † | <0.001 * |
| 50–79 years-old | 1.11 (0.76–1.63) † | 0.580 | 0.42 (0.26–0.66) † | 0.001 * |
| Hypertension | 0.42 (0.18–0.96) | 0.039 * | ||
| Diabetes (ref: non-diabetes) | 1.82 (1.26–2.63) | 0.001 * | / | / |
| Dyslipidemia (ref: non-dyslipidemia) | 0.91 (0.63–1.32) | 0.622 | / | / |
| Diabetic nephropathy (ref: non-diabetic nephropathy) | 1.67 (1.17–2.38) | 0.005 * | 1.56 (1.08–2.27) | 0.019 * |
| Period (ref: middle period) | ||||
| Early period | 0.46 (0.31–0.69) ‡ | <0.001 * | 0.69 (0.43–1.10) ‡ | 0.125 |
| Late period | 2.41 (1.48–3.93) ‡ | <0.001 * | 1.84 (1.06–3.21) ‡ | 0.031 * |
| Online HDF (ref: without online HDF) | 0.12 (0.06–0.26) | <0.001 * | 0.20 (0.09–0.44) | <0.001 * |
| Atrial fibrillation (ref: non-atrial fibrillation) | 1.27 (0.78–2.06) | 0.341 | / | / |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| CRP > 0.3 (ref: CRP ≤ 0.3) | 2.55 (1.80–3.62) | <0.001 * | 1.93 (1.35–2.76) | 0.001 * |
| PTH > 240 (ref: PTH ≤ 240) | 0.85 (0.55–1.30) | 0.451 | / | / |
| Kt/V < 1.2 (ref: Kt/V ≥ 1.2) | 1.97 (1.39–2.79) | <0.001 * | / | / |
| URR < 65 (ref: URR ≥ 65) | 2.61 (1.80–3.78) | <0.001 * | 2.29 (1.57–3.32) | <0.001 * |
* Values of p < 0.05 are considered statistically significant. † The values of HR and 95% CI are based on age at initiation of HD (≥80 years of age). ‡ The values of HR and 95% CI are based on middle period. HD, hemodialysis; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; ref, reference; HDF, hemodialysis filtration; CRP, C-reactive protein; PTH, parathyroid hormone; Kt/V, K dialyzer clearance of urea, t dialysis time, V volume of distribution of urea; URR, urea reduction ratio.