Table 4.
Multi-objective optimization in biodiesel production
| Feedstock | Catalyst | Objectives | Optimization method | Simulation tool | Optimization tool | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunflower oil | Alkali | Product purity and energy consumption | MOGA | Aspen PLUS | modeFRONTIER | [83] |
| Waste canola oil | Acid | Profit and waste |
Multi-objective Simulated Annealing Algorithm (MOSA) |
Apen HYSYS and SustainPro | ENVOPExpert | [84] |
| Vegetable oil | Alkali | Profit, product purity, yield and energy consumption | NSGA | – | Matlab | [85] |
| Waste cooking oil | Alkali, acid | Profit, energy consumption and organic wastes | NSGA | Aspen PLUS | Excel worksheet with Visual Basic Application (VBA) | [79] |
| Soybean oil | Alkali | Economic, environmental, social | MOGA | SuperPro Designer | Matlab | [80] |
| Waste cooking oil | Alkali | Profit, fixed capital investment and organic wastes | MODE-TL | Aspen HYSYS | Excel worksheet with Visual Basic Application (VBA) | [82] |