ZVI-NP showed anti-cancer stemness and anti-angiogenesis effects in vitro. A-C, Representative images of the size (A) and the number (B) as well as the quantitative analysis of cancer spheres (C) derived from H1299 and H460 cells treated with ZVI-NPs were measured under an inverted light microscope. D, Expression of cancer stemness genes was measured by RT-qPCR after ZVI@Ag NPs treatment for 48 h in H1299 (left) and H460 (right). E and F, Representative transwell migration images (E) and its quantitative analysis (F) of HUVEC endothelial cells cultured in CM derived from H1299 or H460 cells treated with or without ZVI@Ag NPs for 8 h. G and H, Representative tube formation microscopy images (G) and its quantitation (H) of HUVECs treated with ZVI@Ag NPs for 16 h. I, Expression of pro-angiogenesis genes was measured by RT-qPCR after ZVI@Ag NPs treatment for 48 h in H1299 (left) and H460 (right). The expression levels of mRNA were normalized to β-actin. Data were mean ± s.e.m. (n = 3). *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.