. 2021 May 19;13:636184. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.636184

TABLE 3.

Behavioral changes among three groups (mean ± SD).

	Group A	Group B	Group C	p	p (A vs B)	p (A vs C)	p (B vs C)
ΔJTHFT(s)
ΔJTHFT (Total)	−140 ± 153**	−53 ± 75	−28 ± 23	0.006^b	0.056^b	0.006^b	1.000^b
ΔJTHFT (without writing)	−124 ± 140*	−52 ± 65	−29 ± 29	0.013^b	0.113^b	0.012^b	1.000^b
ΔMotor coordination	−55 ± 49*	−35 ± 71	−15 ± 20	0.029^b	0.085^b	0.041^b	1.000^b
ΔSpeed of movement	−47 ± 62*	−24 ± 29	−11 ± 22	0.035^b	0.852^b	0.031^b	0.348^b
ΔGrip force scaling	−25 ± 36*	−8 ± 12	−2 ± 6	0.035^b	0.469^b	0.029^b	0.647^b
ΔFMA-UE	10 ± 4**^#	6 ± 4	4 ± 2	0.002^c	0.035^c	0.001^c	0.095^c
ΔFMA-UE (hand)	5 ± 3**	3 ± 2	2 ± 2	0.021^c	0.062^c	0.006^c	0.302^c
ΔGrip strength (kg)	2 ± 1	1 ± 2	2 ± 3	0.640^c	0.406^c	0.946^c	0.436^c
ΔmBI	7 ± 4	6 ± 8	6 ± 8	0.211^b	>0.05^b	>0.05^b	>0.05^b

Group A, high-frequency rTMS during hand grip training; Group B, high-frequency rTMS alone; Group C, hand grip training alone; rTMS, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. A vs B, Group A compared with Group B; A vs C, Group A compared with Group C; B vs C, Group B compared with Group C; JTHFT, Jebsen–Taylor Hand Function Test; FMA-UE, Fugl-Meyer assessment of upper extremity; mBI, modified Barthel index; rTMS, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. p^b: nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis H test; p^c: one-way ANOVA. **p < 0.01 (compared with Group C); *p < 0.05 (compared with Group C); ^#p < 0.05 (compared with Group B).