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. 2021 Mar 17;3(6):459–469. doi: 10.1096/fba.2020-00032

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

Combination of AMPK activator and SMO inhibitor effectively suppresses MB growth in vivo. (A) Tumor volume of the MB11 xenografts treated with DMSO, vismodegib, Metformin, and vismodegib plus Metformin was measured for 28 days. (B) The tumor sections of two individual samples from four different treatment groups were subjected to immunohistochemistry with a Ki67 and cleaved caspase 3 antibody. Scale bar: 100 µm. Relative percentages of Ki67 (C) and cleaved caspase 3 (D) expression by individual xenograft tumors from B were analyzed and the mean values of Ki67 and cleaved caspase 3 expression in DMSO, Vismodegib, Metformin and Vismodegib plus Metformin treated group were indicated as bars (**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). (E) Intracranial MB11 xenografts treated with DMSO, Vismodegib, Metformin and Vismodegib plus Metformin were measured by IVIS image system for 5 weeks. Color indicates the quantification of tumor growth from small (blue) to big size (red)