Table 2.
Phenotypic Correlations and Twin Correlations
| Partial correlation | Twin correlation |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome variable | Mastery | Performance approach | Performance avoidance | MZ | DZ |
| Mastery | - | - | - | .381 | .194 |
| (.259,.503) | (.104,.284) | ||||
| Performance approach | .214 | - | - | .318 | .086 |
| (.165,.263) | (.208,.428) | (−.008,.180) | |||
| Performance avoidance | .081 | .555 | - | .291 | .063 |
| (.034,.128) | (.500,.610) | (.169,.413) | (−.029,.155) | ||
| School Mastery | .410 | .125 | .035 | .433 | .339 |
| (.339,.481) | (.047,.203) | (−.045,.115) | (.225,.641) | (.196,.482) | |
| School Performance approach | .120 | .306 | .179 | .373 | .214 |
| (.038,.202) | (.228,.384) | (.083,.275) | (.189,.557) | (.067,.361) | |
| School Performance avoidance | −.016 | .482 | .449 | .377 | .279 |
| (−.090,.058) | (.404,.560) | (.365,.533) | (.199,.555) | (.130,.428) | |
| Parent Mastery | .388 | .197 | .150 | .470 | .196 |
| (.310,.466) | (.107,.287) | (.060,.240) | (.292,.648) | (.047,.345) | |
| Parent Performance | .045 | .389 | .362 | .406 | .090 |
| (−.035,.125) | (.305,.473) | (.272,.452) | (.235,.577) | (−.067,.247) | |
| Peer relationship | .264 | .003 | −.161 | .529 | .084 |
| (.180,.348) | (−.091,.097) | (−.251,−.071) | (.308,.75) | (−.088,.256) | |
| Cognitive Ability | −.003 | −.093 | .076 | .768 | .410 |
| (−.068,.062) | (−.154,−.032) | (.013,.139) | (.686,.850) | (.324,.496) | |
| Conscientiousness | .252 | .021 | −.045 | .288 | .082 |
| (.203,.301) | (−.024,.066) | (−.090,.00) | (.172,.404) | (−.010,.174) | |
| Openness | .142 | −.082 | −.015 | .344 | .129 |
| (.087,.197) | (−.127,−.037) | (−.060,.030) | (.230,.458) | (.037,.221) | |
Note. All variables have been residualized for age, sex, and age × sex. 95% confidence intervals are presented in parentheses.