Table 2.

Matrix

Authors, country	Year	CKD or ESRD	Purpose	Design related to barriers identification	Patient Sample	Tool or data collection method utilized	Most Frequently Reported Barriers
Boller United States	2001	ESRD- HD	To examine the lived experience of patients on HD and their exercise practices	Mixed method	N= 24; mean age 54.6; 58% male; 21% black, 25% Caucasian, 17% Latino, 38% Asian	Exercise Benefits/Barriers scale (EBBS) and interviews	"Exercise tires me", "I am fatigued by exercise", concerns about vascular access
Allen. & Gappmaier United States	2001	ESRD-HD	To assess characteristics and attitudes of HD patients that exercise	Mixed method	N= 135; mean age 56+/−17, years; 58% male; 82% Caucasian non-Hispanic	Author created exercise questionnaire; open ended question about barriers	Diabetic neuropathy, visual impairment, weakness, other orthopedic problems
Goodman & Ballou United States	2004	ESRD- HD	To identify motivators and barriers to exercise for patients on HD	Quantitative Descriptive	N=50; mean age 67.8 +/−10; 60% male; 88% Caucasian	Author developed "The Barriers and Motivators Questionnaire"; Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ)	Lack of motivation (60%), bad weather (50%), fear of falling (50%), being too fatigued(50%), co-morbid health problems (50%)
Kolewaski et al. Canada	2005	ESRD-HD	To explore the perceptions of patients with ESRD on HD after an 8-week intradialytic exercise program	Qualitative	N=7; mean age 45 +/− 19; sex not specified; race not specified	Interviews	"I just don't have the time to…go to a gym or exercise…"
Kontos et al. Canada	2007	ESRD-HD	To explore motivators and barriers to exercise participation in patients on HD from the perspective of patients, their family members, and nurses	Qualitative	N= 17 (patients); mean age 74.8+/−6; sex not specified; race not specified	Focus groups	Fatigue, comorbidities, pain, depression, transportation, lack of time
Zheng et al. China	2010	ESRD-HD	To develop and test the properties of the Dialysis patient-perceived Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale (DPEBBS)	Mixed method	N=269; mean age 59.67+/− 14.28; 55.39% male; all Chinese	Focus group; Creation of the Dialysis Patient-perceived Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale (DPEBBS)	Open ended questions-Environmental factors, lack of time, concern of complications, comorbidities On the DPEBBS- frequent tiredness, worry about falling, "lack of understanding about exercise"
Byrne & Russell Ireland	2011	ESRD- HD and PD	To determine self-reported activity levels and barriers to increasing physical activity for patients on dialysis	Quantitative Descriptive	N= 78; age range 40-80; sex not specified; race not specified	Author created questionnaire	Being too tired (40%), being incapable of physical activity (15%), lack of time (8%), feeling too out of shape or overweight (8%)
Delgado & Johansen United States	2012	ESRD- HD	To determine what are the barriers patients on HD have to physical activity	Quantitative Descriptive	N= 100; mean age 60 +/− 15; 73% male; 27% white, 30% African American 21% Hispanic	Author created questionnaire; Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE); 7-day physical activity recall	Fatigue on HD days (67%), shortness of breath (48%), ‘I don’t want to’ (42%), fatigue on non-HD days (40%)
Darawad & Khalil Jordan	2012	ESRD-HD	To determine patients' on HD perceived barriers and benefits to exercise and their correlation to demographic characteristics and labs	Quantitative Descriptive	N= 190, mean age 48.2 +/− 14.9; 54.3% male; Jordanian	DPEBBS	"frequent tiredness impedes my exercise participation"(83.6%), "frequent lower extremity fatigue impedes my exercise participation" (79.3%), "body pain impedes my exercise participation"(68.8%), " I worry about a fall during exercise" (70.1%)
Bossola et al. Italy	2014	ESRD-HD	To assess barriers for patients on HD that do not exercise or exercise minimally	Quantitative Descriptive	N= 105; mean age of inactive subjects 72.8 +/− 10.9, active subjects 64.7+/−15; inactive subjects 52% male, active subjects 51% male; race not specified	Author created questionnaire; Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)	Fatigue on dialysis days (67%), reduced walking ability (48%), muscle pain (42%), pain during walking (36%), too many medical problems (36%)
Fiaccadori et al. Italy	2014	ESRD-HD	To evaluate social, psychological, and clinical barriers to physical activity in patients on HD	Quantitative Descriptive	N=104 (patients); mean age 69; 65% male; race not specified	Katz Independence in daily living questionnaire, Human Activity Profile (HAP); questionnaire created by another author; healthcare provider questionnaire	Fatigue on dialysis days (56.7%), feeling like they have too many medical problems 54.8%), sadness (50%)
Clarke et al. United Kingdom	2015	CKD Stages 3-5	To understand beliefs, barriers, and motivators about exercise in patients with CKD	Qualitative	N= 30; mean age 68.6(focus group), 64.1(interviews); focus group 54% male, interview group 65% male; 83% Caucasian, 3% black, 13% Asian	Focus groups and interviews	Comorbid conditions and symptom burden, especially fatigue; fear of injury and aggravating their medical conditions, lack of healthcare provider guidance, weather and lack of facilities
Rosa et al. Brazil	2015	ESRD- HD	To determine factors associated with leisure time activities	Quantitative Descriptive	N= 98, mean age 51.6+/− 15.7; 58% male; 60% White/other, 40% black	Author created questionnaire; other author created questionnaire; Actigraphy	Feeling too tired (63.3%), CKD (51%), HD treatment (48%), lack of time (39.8%), lack of company (37.8%), lack of money (36/7%), fear of injury (35.7%), disliking exercise (25.5%)
Sieverdes et al. United States	2015	ESRD- HD	To explore barriers and perceptions of exercise for patients on HD and to determine patient interest in mobile health	Qualitative	N= 22; mean age 46(+/−10.7); 55% male; 82% African American	Interview	Time on dialysis, motivation, fatigue, problems with joints, muscle weakness, pain in the lower extremities during physical activity, stress, depression, employment status, not enough time