Table 2. Pairwise PERMANOVA of skin microbiota composition.

Intention-to-treat			Baseline				Day 14
			Healthy control		AD subject		Healthy control		AD subject
			Water-treated forearm	ACV-treated forearm	Water-treated forearm	ACV-treated forearm	Water-treated forearm	ACV-treated forearm	Water-treated forearm	ACV-treated forearm
Baseline	Healthy control	Water-treated forearm		R2 = 0.0371	R2 = 0.0544	R2 = 0.0545
				P = 0.4675	P = 0.0350	P = 0.0609
				β = 0.662	β = 1.000	β = 0.991
		ACV-treated forearm			R2 = 0.0596	R2 = 0.0615
					P = 0.0200	P = 0.0110
					β = 1.000	β = 0.999
	AD subject	Water-treated forearm				R2 = 0.0314
						P = 0.3846
						β = 0.746
		ACV-treated forearm
Day 14	Healthy control	Water-treated forearm	R2 = 0.0384	R2 = 0.0418	R2 = 0.0507	R2 = 0.0497		R2 = 0.0335	R2 = 0.0525	R2 = 0.0529
			P = 0.6623	P = 0.0969	P = 0.1499	P = 0.2298		P = 0.5055	P = 0.1818	P = 0.1538
			β = 0.571	β = 0.890	β = 0.999	β = 0.992		β = 0.647	β = 0.995	β = 0.998
		ACV-treated forearm	R2 = 0.0387	R2 = 0.0390	R2 = 0.0528	R2 = 0.0526			R2 = 0.0518	R2 = 0.0551
			P = 0.7283	P = 0.4685	P = 0.0879	P = 0.1089			P = 0.2348	P = 0.1059
			β = 0.526	β = 0.669	β = 1.000	β = 0.998			β = 0.999	β = 1.000
	AD subject	Water-treated forearm	R2 = 0.0534	R2 = 0.0563	R2 = 0.0384	R2 = 0.0401				R2 = 0.0339
			P = 0.1179	P = 0.0599	P = 0.2947	P = 0.3506				P = 0.3227
			β = 0.998	β = 1.000	β = 0.570	β = 0.606				β = 0.602
		ACV-treated forearm	R2 = 0.0570	R2 = 0.0627	R2 = 0.0371	R2 = 0.0378
			P = 0.0340	P = 0.0130	P = 0.7822	P = 0.6014
			β = 1.000	β = 1.000	β = 0.323	β = 0.557
As-treated			Baseline				Day 14
			Healthy control		AD subject		Healthy control		AD subject
			Water-treated forearm	ACV-treated forearm	Water-treated forearm	ACV-treated forearm	Water-treated forearm	ACV-treated forearm	Water-treated forearm	ACV-treated forearm
Baseline	Healthy control	Water-treated forearm		R2 = 0.0417	R2 = 0.0733	R2 = 0.0699
				P = 0.7313	P = 0.0140	P = 0.0939
				β = 0.508	β = 1.000	β = 0.957
		ACV-treated forearm			R2 = 0.0845	R2 = 0.0823
					P = 0.0070	P = 0.0170
					β = 1.000	β = 0.999
	AD subject	Water-treated forearm				R2 = 0.0519
						P = 0.4375
						β = 0.294
		ACV-treated forearm
Day 14	Healthy control	Water-treated forearm	R2 = 0.0458	R2 = 0.0486	R2 = 0.0697	R2 = 0.0661		R2 = 0.0390	R2 = 0.0698	R2 = 0.0676
			P = 0.4056	P = 0.0829	P = 0.0639	P = 0.2078		P = 0.4755	P = 0.0649	P = 0.1069
								β = 0.591	β = 0.995	β = 0.983
			β = 0.595	β = 0.820	β = 0.990	β = 0.953
		ACV-treated forearm	R2 = 0.0446	R2 = 0.0455	R2 = 0.0740	R2 = 0.0699			R2 = 0.0681	R2 = 0.0688
			P = 0.6723	P = 0.3317	P = 0.0310	P = 0.0889			P = 0.1269	P = 0.1039
			β = 0.452	β = 0.657	β = 1.000	β = 0.974			β = 0.990	β = 0.984
	AD subject	Water-treated forearm	R2 = 0.0668	R2 = 0.0736	R2 = 0.0652	R2 = 0.0625				R2 = 0.0477
			P = 0.1299	P = 0.0230	P = 0.0312	P = 0.3281				P = 0.5938
			β = 0.988	β = 0.997	β = 0.851	β = 0.335				β = 0.172
		ACV-treated forearm	R2 = 0.0680	R2 = 0.0749	R2 = 0.0602	R2 = 0.0585
			P = 0.0979	P = 0.0410	P = 0.2500	P = 0.2969
			β = 0.984	β = 0.990	β = 0.339	β = 0.437

Key:

Yellow: Statistically significantly different (p < 0.05).

Orange: Statistically significantly different (p < 0.05), but more than one factor has changed between the two groups being compared.