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Cell viability in the presence of oxidative stress. Primary human ascending aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) from bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) patients (dotted line) were cultured in the presence of 10 ng/mL vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) before exposure to 0 to 4,800 μM t-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) for 3 hours and compared with SMCs from nonaneurysmal patients (solid line). Lines represent mean ± SEM, n = 3 and n = 4 for nonaneurysmal and BAV, respectively.
