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. 2021 May 14;41(2 Suppl 1):S102–S107. doi: 10.14639/0392-100X-suppl.1-41-2021-10

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Società Italiana di Otorinolaringoiatria e Chirurgia Cervico-Facciale, Rome, Italy

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the CC-BY-NC-ND (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International) license. The article can be used by giving appropriate credit and mentioning the license, but only for non-commercial purposes and only in the original version. For further information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.en

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Figure 2. — Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy surgical procedure. (A) Using 30° endoscope, the maxillary line is identified and a mucosal flap (“L-shaped”) is raised posteriorly to expose the lacrimal bone; (B) the lacrimal bone is than removed using powered instrument; (C) while a Bowman’s probe was used by an ophthalmologist to tent the medial sac, the ENT surgeon used its as a guide to make a vertical incision of the lacrimal sac; (D) the initial mucosal flap is reflected back and the ophthalmologist positioned a bicanalicular stent that is retrieved endonasally and looped.