TABLE A2.

QUADAS‐2 tool for assessing the methodological quality of included studies

Domain	Patients selection	Index test	Reference standard	Flow and timing
Signaling Question (yes, no, or unclear)	Was a consecutive or random sample of patients enrolled?	Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard?	Is the reference standard likely to correctly classify the target condition?	Was there an appropriate interval between gNIPT and reference standard?
	Was a case‐control design avoided?	If a threshold was used, was it pre‐specified?	Were the reference standard results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the index test?	Did all analyzed patients receive the reference standard?
	Did the study avoid inappropriate exclusions?			Were all patients included in the analysis?
Risk of bias (high, low or, unclear)	Could the selection of patients have introduced bias?	Could the conduct or interpretation of the index test have introduced bias?	Could the reference standard, its conduct, or its interpretation have introduced bias?	Could the patient flow have introduced bias?
Concerns about Applicability (high, low or, unclear)	Are there concerns that the included patients and setting do not match the review question?	Are there concerns that the index test, its conduct, or interpretation differ from the review question?	Are there concerns that the target condition as defined by the reference standard does not match the review question?