Table 8.
Chemical characteristics of unprotected springs serving as water sources for the rural communities in the Guto Gida district.
Sampling site | Iron (mg/L) | Fluoride (mg/L) | Manganese (mg/L) | Nitrate (mg/L) | Sulphate (mg/L) | Zinc (mg/L) | Lead (mg/L) | Phosphate (mg/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D1 | 0.14 ± 0.23a | 0.15 ± 0.23a | 0.11 ± 0.08b | 6.71 ± 0.28b | 209.7 ± 13.7a | 3.81 ± 1.21a | 0.02 ± 0.02a | 0.50 ± .65ab |
D2 | 0.47 ± 0.34a | 0.55 ± 0.31a | 0.17 ± 0.21b | 11.13 ± 1.93ab | 167.7 ± 36.9ab | 0.89 ± 0.66b | 0.01 ± 0.01a | 0.73 ± 0.47ab |
J1 | 0.41 ± 0.38a | 0.08 ± 0.05a | 0.15 ± 0.04b | 11.08 ± 2.90ab | 107.0 ± 14.2bcd | 1.62 ± 1.37b | 0.02 ± 0.02a | 0.89 ± 0.73ab |
J2 | 0.22 ± 0.17a | 0.29 ± 0.23a | 0.04 ± 0.07b | 9.36 ± 4.22ab | 94.0 ± 36.7d | 1.85 ± .56ab | 0.15 ± 0.09a | 1.25 ± .44a |
K1 | 0.40 ± 0.42a | 0.60 ± 0.44a | 0.11 ± 0.11b | 14.41 ± 6.23a | 153.7 ± 65.9abc | 2.02 ± 2.26b | 0.07 ± 0.04a | 0.11 ± 0.18b |
K2 | 0.13 ± 0.03a | 0.42 ± .15a | 0.29 ± 0.25b | 10.61 ± 1.74ab | 125.0 ± 20.5bcd | 1.10 ± .88b | 0.04 ± 0.07a | 0.58 ± 0.48ab |
S1 | 0.10 ± 0.12a | 0.30 ± 0.30a | 0.18 ± 0.16b | 7.03 ± 0.50ab | 107.3 ± 47.9bcd | 1.15 ± .099b | 0.02 ± 0.01a | 0.44 ± 0.34ab |
S2 | 0.17 ± .24a | 0.21 ± 0.20a | 0.62 ± 0.19a | 11.52 ± 6.96ab | 67.7 ± 26.5d | 1.07 ± 0.15b | 0.02 ± 0.02a | 0.99 ± 0.49ab |
Data are average of triplicates; SE: standard error; numbers indicated by the same letter superscripts within the same column do not vary significantly by Duncan's multiple range test at p < 0.05; D1: Dalo; J: Jato; K: Kumsa Moroda; S1: Sorga site 1; S2: Sorga site 2; TDS: total dissolved solids; EC: electrical conductivity.