Table 2.
Characteristics of the overall sample and classes (values given are mean (SD), unless otherwise stated)
| Variable (full range) | Sample n = 532 |
Class 1 n = 240 (45%) |
Class 2 n = 114 (22%) |
Class 3 n = 87 (16%) |
Class 4 n = 91 (17%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (18–62 years) | 44 (10) | 46 (9) | 39 (9) | 45 (10) | 45 (10) |
| Gender (female)—n (%) | 351 (66%) | 160 (67%) | 81 (71%) | 56 (64%) | 54 (59%) |
| Education (higher)—n (%) | 351 (66%) | 175 (73%) | 98 (86%) | 31 (36%) | 47 (52%) |
| Physically demanding work (more)—n (%) | 179 (34%) | 67 (28%) | 13 (11%) | 49 (56%) | 50 (55%) |
| Self-reported health (0–100) | 50.4 (20.5) | 54.3 (20.9) | 45.0 (18.1) | 48.8 (23.3) | 49.1 (18.0) |
| Pain intensity (0–10) | 4.3 (2.7) | 4.1 (2.6) | 3.1 (2.6) | 6.1 (2.1) | 4.2 (2.5) |
| Anxiety and depressive symptoms (0–48) | 15.8 (10.1) | 9.1 (5.0) | 23.8 (7.7) | 20.7 (10.9) | 18.5 (10.7) |
| Work ability (0–10) | 3.5 (2.6) | 4.1 (2.9) | 3.4 (2.1) | 2.4 (2.3) | 3.4 (2.6) |
| Workplace adjustment latitude (1–10) | 6.0 (3.0) | 7.6 (2.0) | 6.0 (2.2) | 5.8 (3.0) | 1.7 (0.7) |
| Return to work self-efficacy (0–5) | 2.5 (1.1) | 2.9 (1.0) | 1.8 (0.7) | 2.6 (1.1) | 2.3 (1.1) |
| Expected sickness absence length (0–12 months) | 3.0 (2.7) | 1.8 (1.2) | 3.0 (0.7) | 6.9 (3.7) | 2.2 (1.6) |
Education: Percentage of individuals that have completed a minimum of 3 years of higher education at the college or university level. Physically demanding work: Percentage of individuals that rate their work as “demanding a lot of walking and lifting” or “heavy manual labour”. Self-reported health: Higher number indicate better health. Pain intensity: Higher number indicate more pain. Anxiety and depressive symptoms: Higher number indicate more symptoms. Workplace adjustment latitude: Higher number indicate greater possibility for work adjustment. Return to work self-efficacy: Higher number indicate greater self-efficacy