Table 3:
Incidence and reinfection of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in the glans or the shaft over 24 months: hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the effect of male circumcision
| Incident infections in men negative for specific HPV type at baseline | Reinfections in men positive for specific HPV type at baseline* | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Circumcision Arm (N=1096) | Control Arm (N=1097) | Hazard ratios (95% CI) | Circumcision Arm (N=1096) | Control Arm (N=1097) | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | |||||
| Incident infectionsn/N | Person-Years† | Incident infectionsn/N | Person-Years† | Incident infectionsn/N | Person-Years† | Incident infectionsn/N | Person-Years† | |||
| Any HPV | 252/544 | 501.2 | 344/552 | 455.4 | 0.61 (0.52, 0.72)ǂ | 212/504 | 247.8 | 195/397 | 149.1 | 0.66 (0.54, 0.81)≠ |
| High-risk HPV | 223/669 | 634.8 | 330/666 | 600.3 | 0.58 (0.49, 0.69) | 105/356 | 192.3 | 137/340 | 140.1 | 0.57 (0.44, 0.74) |
| Low-risk HPV | 199/915 | 850.5 | 313/936 | 875.4 | 0.61 (0.51, 0.73) | 22/123 | 70.2 | 30/108 | 54.9 | 0.58 (0.33, 1.02) |
| HPV16/18 | 137/949 | 918.7 | 241/961 | 900.8 | 0.53 (0.43, 0.66) | 21/146 | 91.7 | 26/130 | 73.1 | 0.69 (0.38, 1.23) |
| HPV 16/18/6/11 | 186/892 | 850.4 | 294/919 | 853.6 | 0.60 (0.50, 0.72) | 38/201 | 124.7 | 44/166 | 91.4 | 0.66 (0.43, 1.03) |
| Single | 365/866 | 794.8 | 437/866 | 766.4 | 0.77 (0.67, 0.89) | 72/225 | 124.1 | 98/224 | 120.4 | 0.67 (0.50, 0.91) |
| Multiple | 159/774 | 740.6 | 308/738 | 718.3 | 0.46 (0.38, 0.55) | 70/315 | 184.4 | 99/279 | 122.8 | 0.46 (0.34, 0.63) |
| High-risk | ||||||||||
| HPV16 | 109/983 | 954.4 | 185/994 | 941.1 | 0.57 (0.45, 0.72) | 12/112 | 69.7 | 17/98 | 55.1 | 0.62 (0.29, 1.33) |
| HPV56 | 69/1037 | 1001.3 | 122/1027 | 982.2 | 0.54 (0.40, 0.72) | 8/57 | 35.6 | 12/67 | 35.3 | 0.76 (0.30, 1.91) |
| HPV52 | 33/1056 | 1017.1 | 64/1040 | 998.3 | 0.51 (0.33, 0.77) | 1/40 | 25.6 | 6/56 | 35.5 | 0.23 (0.03, 1.94) |
| HPV66 | 52/1040 | 1008.7 | 91/1047 | 1000.0 | 0.56 (0.40, 0.78) | 3/54 | 30.4 | 7/50 | 30.3 | 0.40 (0.10, 1.57) |
| HPV35 | 46/1038 | 1002.7 | 109/1062 | 1008.3 | 0.41 (0.29, 0.58) | 3/58 | 32.7 | 4/35 | 22.4 | 0.48 (0.10, 2.18) |
| HPV31 | 31/1053 | 1024.3 | 57/1057 | 1012.6 | 0.53 (0.34, 0.82) | 1/43 | 26.8 | 1/39 | 20.7 | --- |
| HPV18 | 56/1049 | 1016.5 | 94/1060 | 1017.4 | 0.58 (0.42, 0.81) | 2/47 | 30.7 | 4/37 | 22.0 | 0.33 (0.06, 1.87) |
| Low-risk | ||||||||||
| HPV67 | 54/1048 | 1020.7 | 99/1034 | 990.8 | 0.53 (0.38, 0.74) | 1/48 | 31.0 | 11/60 | 30.7 | 0.10 (0.01, 0.78) |
| HPV42 | 39/1045 | 1013.4 | 102/1044 | 993.7 | 0.37 (0.26, 0.53) | 4/51 | 29.7 | 4/51 | 28.2 | 0.95 (0.23, 3.85) |
| HPVJC9710 | 47/1047 | 1001.9 | 119/1050 | 1003.3 | 0.38 (0.27, 0.54) | 7/49 | 29.7 | 5/43 | 24.2 | 1.14 (0.36, 3.64) |
| HPV6 | 57/1048 | 1011.3 | 98/1059 | 1012.9 | 0.57 (0.41, 0.79) | 4/48 | 29.8 | 5/36 | 22.0 | 0.59 (0.16, 2.24) |
| HPV40 | 41/1047 | 1019.4 | 76/1055 | 1013.1 | 0.53 (0.37, 0.78) | 6/49 | 31.1 | 8/42 | 18.9 | 0.57 (0.19, 1.74) |
| HPV43 | 43/1048 | 1010.1 | 74/1054 | 1002.6 | 0.57 (0.39, 0.83) | 5/48 | 26.1 | 6/42 | 19.0 | 0.65 (0.19, 2.16) |
| HPV11 | 36/1074 | 1036.2 | 51/1076 | 1028.1 | 0.70 (0.45, 1.07) | 0/22 | 14.9 | 2/21 | 13.4 | --- |
Note. n= number of men with a type-specific incident HPV infection; N= total number of men at risk for an incident infection of the specific HPV type.
Analyses among men positive for the specific HPV type at baseline, then negative for that type during follow up. Only newly acquired (repeat infections) of the specific HPV type were considered incident infections.
Person-years were estimated by assuming that the incident HPV infection was acquired at the midpoint between the last HPV-negative result and the first subsequent HPV-positive result.
0.56 (0.45, 0.70) in analyses restricted to beta-globin positive samples,
0.66 (0.50, 0.86) in analyses restricted to beta-globin positive samples
--- CI width > 1,000