Table 4:
Clearance of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in the glans or the shaft over 24 months: hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the effect of male circumcision
| Prevalent Infection present at baseline | Incident Infection not present at baseline | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Circumcision Arm (N=1096 men) | Control Arm (N=1097 men) | Hazard ratios (95% CI) | Circumcision Arm (N=1096 men) | Control Arm (N=1097 men) | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | |||||
| Cleared infectionsn/N | Person-Years* | Cleared infectionsn/N | Person-Years* | Cleared infectionsn/N | Person-Years* | Cleared infectionsn/N | Person-Years* | |||
| Any HPV | 1149/1160 | 421.8 | 1132/1171 | 533.6 | 1.87 (1.49, 2.34)ǂ | 814/1194 | 306.5 | 1508/2333 | 703.6 | 1.68 (1.39, 2.02)≠ |
| High-risk HPV | 598/606 | 222.9 | 613/633 | 280.5 | 1.76 (1.29, 2.39) | 431/627 | 156.8 | 735/1143 | 321.5 | 1.62 (1.25, 2.10) |
| Low-risk HPV | 551/554 | 198.9 | 521/540 | 253.1 | 1.56 (1.21, 2.00) | 383/567 | 149.7 | 773/1190 | 382.1 | 1.75 (1.33, 2.31) |
| HPV16/18 | 159/160 | 55.8 | 133/140 | 67.0 | 1.79 (1.29, 2.50) | 109/165 | 41.6 | 181/278 | 78.1 | --- |
| HPV 16/18/6/11 | 229/230 | 83.3 | 189/198 | 88.8 | 1.53 (1.17, 1.99) | 170/258 | 65.1 | 276/427 | 124.5 | 1.48 (0.99, 2.21) |
| Single | 179/180 | 69.4 | 184/193 | 90.4 | 1.50 (1.14, 1.98) | 423/606 | 161.2 | 763/1133 | 338.2 | 1.50 (1.17, 1.92) |
| Multiple | 970/980 | 352.3 | 950/980 | 443.2 | 1.89 (1.46, 2.47) | 364/554 | 148.8 | 788/1277 | 384.7 | 1.48 (1.13, 1.93) |
| High-risk | ||||||||||
| HPV16 | 112/113 | 39.9 | 96/103 | 48.7 | 1.35 (0.87–2.08)├ | 73/109 | 28.2 | 118/184 | 51.3 | 1.31 (0.88, 1.95) |
| HPV56 | 57/59 | 25.0 | 66/70 | 36.5 | 1.23 (0.77, 1.94) | 50/69 | 17.7 | 76/122 | 40.5 | 1.48 (0.90, 2.42) |
| HPV52 | 40/40 | 14.4 | 56/57 | 23.5 | 1.23 (0.66, 2.31) | 23/32 | 8.2 | 36/64 | 11.2 | --- |
| HPV66 | 54/56 | 21.4 | 50/50 | 19.6 | 1.29 (0.67, 2.49) | 31/52 | 15.8 | 58/91 | 28.6 | 1.11 (0.64, 1.94) |
| HPV35 | 58/58 | 24.3 | 35/35 | 12.9 | 0.94 (0.48, 1.82) | 30/46 | 12.2 | 68/108 | 37.8 | 2.22 (1.23, 4.00) |
| HPV31 | 43/43 | 14.1 | 39/40 | 18.2 | --- | 19/31 | 6.0 | 31/57 | 15.6 | 1.66 (0.71, 3.86) |
| HPV18 | 47/47 | 15.9 | 37/37 | 18.3 | 1.89 (1.02, 3.51) | 36/56 | 13.4 | 63/94 | 26.7 | 1.40 (0.83, 2.37) |
| Low-risk | ||||||||||
| HPV67 | 48/48 | 15.2 | 60/63 | 34.5 | 1.76 (0.99, 3.13) | 29/54 | 10.2 | 55/99 | 38.9 | 1.95 (1.07, 3.54) |
| HPV42 | 51/51 | 18.5 | 51/53 | 25.2 | 1.25 (0.71, 2.20) | 27/38 | 10.2 | 63/102 | 39.8 | 1.84 (1.01, 3.36) |
| HPVJC9710 | 49/49 | 16.8 | 43/47 | 20.6 | 1.28 (0.67, 2.46) | 39/47 | 12.3 | 72/119 | 38.6 | 1.44 (0.87, 2.39) |
| HPV6 | 48/48 | 20.3 | 36/38 | 14.5 | 0.65 (0.32, 1.29) | 40/57 | 14.3 | 59/98 | 31.9 | 0.95 (0.59, 1.54) |
| HPV40 | 49/49 | 15.2 | 41/42 | 22.2 | --- | 25/41 | 9.7 | 47/76 | 25.8 | 1.27 (0.71, 2.26) |
| HPV43 | 48/48 | 21.5 | 42/43 | 26.1 | 1.25 (0.76, 2.06) | 33/43 | 11.9 | 47/74 | 26.4 | 1.35 (0.74, 2.43) |
| HPV11 | 22/22 | 7.2 | 21/21 | 7.3 | --- | 21/36 | 9.3 | 36/51 | 14.5 | 1.64 (0.76, 3.54) |
Note. Clearance was defined as an HPV-positive result followed by an HPV-negative result for that type; n= number of cleared HPV infections; N=total number of HPV infections
Person-years were estimated by assuming that an HPV infection was cleared at the midpoint between the last HPV-positive result and the first subsequent HPV-negative result.
1.98 (1.48 – 2.66) in analyses restricted to beta-globin positive samples;
1.63 (1.26 – 2.10) in analyses restricted to beta-globin positive samples;
1.18 (0.69 – 2.01) in Analyses restricted to beta-globin positive samples.
--- CI width > 1,000