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. 2021 Jun 2;4:656. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02208-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a UMAP visualization of the major cell type clusters identified and analysed. Numbers in brackets: cell numbers for the respective cell types. AC astrocyte, OPC oligodendrocyte precursor cell, MG microglia, MAC perivascular macrophage, OLG oligodendrocyte, SMC smooth muscle cell, PC pericyte, EC endothelial cell. b UMAP visualization of the single-cell transcriptomes from young adult, aged, and GLP-1RA (exenatide)-treated aged mouse brains. For each plot, colored dots highlight cells from the respective labeled group, while gray dots are cells from the other groups. Numbers in brackets: cell numbers for the respective groups in the dataset (n = 3 animals for each group). For clarity, 6000 cells were subsampled for visualization in each plot in a and b. c Age-related expression changes (x-axis) plotted against post-exenatide treatment expression changes (y-axis) in glial (AC, OPC, MG, and OLG), vascular (EC, PC, and SMC) cell types, and MAC. Each dot represents one differentially expressed gene (DEG). lnFC: natural log of fold change. Gray lines: lines of best fit by linear regression. d Proportions of DEGs reversed and the slopes of lines of best fit by linear regression shown in c in the different cell types. See Supplementary Data 1 for source data underlying (c).