Table 3.
Associations of childhood maltreatment and the tendency of coping styles with anxiety symptoms at follow-up.
| Variables (baseline) | Anxiety symptoms at follow-up, adjusted model, unstandardized β-estimate (95% CI)a | |
|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| Childhood maltreatment | ||
| Physical neglect (1-score increase) | −0.03 (−0.10~0.04) | −0.03 (−0.10~0.04) |
| Emotional neglect (1-score increase) | −0.03 (−0.07~0.01) | −0.03 (−0.07~0.01) |
| Emotional abuse (1-score increase) | 0.13 (0.07~0.18) | 0.13 (0.07~0.17) |
| Physical abuse (1-score increase) | 0.08 (0.01~0.16) | 0.08 (0.01~0.14) |
| Sexual abuse (1-score increase) | 0.17 (0.04~0.29) | 0.17 (0.04~0.22) |
| Overall childhood maltreatment (1-score increase) | 0.02 (0.01~0.03) | 0.02 (0.004~0.04) |
| Tendency of coping styles | ||
| Negative coping style (ref. = positive coping style) | 0.09 (−0.06~0.24) | NA |
Model 1: adjusting for age, gender, HSS, living arrangement, classmate relations, relationships with teachers, smoking, drinking, morning cortisol level, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and anxiety symptoms at baseline.
Model 2: adjusting for age, gender, HSS, living arrangement, classmate relations, relationships with teachers, smoking, drinking, morning cortisol level, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, anxiety symptoms, and the tendency of coping styles at baseline.
95% CI 95% confidence interval, NA not available or not applicable.
aThe multivariable generalized linear mixed-effects models were performed that accounted for the multi-stage sampling design.