Table 5.
Associations between baseline childhood maltreatment and anxiety symptoms at follow-up stratified by the tendency of coping styles.
| Variable (baseline) | Anxiety symptoms at follow-upa | P-value# | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive coping style | Negative coping style | ||||
| Unstandardized β-estimate (95% CI) | P-value | Unstandardized β-estimate (95% CI) | P-value | ||
| Physical neglect (1-score increase) | 0.04 (−0.06~0.14) | 0.478 | −0.07 (−0.16~0.02) | 0.120 | >0.05 |
| Emotional neglect (1-score increase) | 0.001 (−0.07~0.07) | 0.997 | −0.04 (−0.10~2.59) | 0.11 | <0.05 |
| Emotional abuse (1-score increase) | 0.06 (−0.03~0.15) | 0.216 | 0.17 (0.10~0.24) | <0.001 | <0.05 |
| Physical abuse (1-score increase) | −0.03 (−0.15~0.09) | 0.653 | 0.13 (0.03~0.23) | 0.01 | <0.05 |
| Sexual abuse (1-score increase) | 0.08 (−0.17~0.32) | 0.540 | 0.19 (0.03~0.34) | 0.017 | <0.05 |
| Overall childhood maltreatment (1-score increase) | 0.005 (−0.03~0.04) | 0.780 | 0.02 (0.01~0.03) | <0.001 | <0.05 |
95% CI 95% confidence interval.
#The statistical significance of the differences between the strata was tested by using the 95% CI.
aThe multivariable generalized linear mixed-effects models were performed that accounted for the multi-stage sampling design, and the models were adjusted for age, gender, HSS, living arrangement, classmate relations, relationships with teachers, smoking, drinking, morning cortisol level, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, anxiety symptoms, and the tendency of coping styles at baseline.