Table 2.
Association between favourable changes in neighbourhood characteristics and lifestyle factors in a subgroup of participants who did not move residential address during the study period and had an unhealthy lifestyle and lived in a disadvantaged residential neighbourhood at baseline
|
Quitting smoking among individuals who were current smokers at baseline |
Drinking reduced to none or moderate in individuals who were heavy drinkers at baseline |
Increased physical activity in individuals who were physically inactive at baseline |
≥5% bodyweight loss in individuals who were overweight or people with obesity at baseline |
Change from having ≥2 lifestyle risk factors to having 0 or 1 lifestyle risk factor |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/N (%) | OR (95% CI)* | n/N (%) | OR (95% CI)* | n/N (%) | OR (95% CI)* | n/N (%) | OR (95% CI)* | n/N (%) | OR (95% CI)* | |
| Neighbourhood education | ||||||||||
| Stable disadvantaged | 1588/6924 (22·9%) | 1 (ref) | 2800/7931 (35·3%) | 1 (ref) | 4630/9741 (47·5%) | 1 (ref) | 3240/21 620 (15·0%) | 1 (ref) | 3065/8058 (38·0%) | 1 (ref) |
| From disadvantaged to advantaged | 227/891 (25·5%) | 1·11 (0·94–1·31) | 453/1349 (33·6%) | 0·92 (0·81–1·04) | 645/1289 (50·0%) | 1·06 (0·94–1·19) | 384/3047 (12·6%) | 1·19 (1·06–1·33) | 401/994 (40·3%) | 1·09 (0·95–1·25) |
| Neighbourhood income | ||||||||||
| Stable disadvantaged | 1527/6780 (22·5%) | 1 (ref) | 2793/8333 (33·5%) | 1 (ref) | 4172/8993 (46·4%) | 1 (ref) | 2944/19 868 (14·8%) | 1 (ref) | 2876/7797 (36·9%) | 1 (ref) |
| From disadvantaged to advantaged | 164/553 (29·7%) | 1·38 (1·14–1·67) | 278/772 (36·0%) | 1·06 (0·90–1·24) | 402/770 (52·2%) | 1·12 (0·97–1·31) | 226/1642 (13·8%) | 1·05 (0·91–1·22) | 251/600 (41·8%) | 1·15 (0·97–1·37) |
| Neighbourhood unemployment | ||||||||||
| Stable disadvantaged | 1281/5799 (22·1%) | 1 (ref) | 2327/6948 (33·5%) | 1 (ref) | 3608/7771 (46·4%) | 1 (ref) | 2487/17 215 (14·5%) | 1 (ref) | 2450/6604 (37·1%) | 1 (ref) |
| From disadvantaged to advantaged | 408/1519 (26·9%) | 1·24 (1·09–1·42) | 816/2385 (34·2%) | 1·01 (0·92–1·12) | 1272/2449 (51·9%) | 1·18 (1·08–1·30) | 809/5599 (14·5%) | 0·99 (0·91–1·08) | 756/1866 (40·5%) | 1·11 (1·00–1·23) |
| Neighbourhood green space | ||||||||||
| Stable disadvantaged | 1528/6621 (23·1%) | 1 (ref) | 3024/9173 (33·0%) | 1 (ref) | 4524/9422 (48·0%) | 1 (ref) | 3058/20 751 (14·7%) | 1 (ref) | 2928/7794 (37·6%) | 1 (ref) |
| From disadvantaged to advantaged | 205/819 (25·0%) | 1·12 (0·94–1·32) | 371/1092 (34·0%) | 1·04 (0·91–1·19) | 604/1180 (51·2%) | 1·11 (0·98–1·27) | 409/2737 (14·9%) | 0·97 (0·87–1·09) | 394/914 (43·1%) | 1·24 (1·08–1·43) |
OR=odds ratio.
*
Calculated from logistic regression analysis using generalised estimating equations, adjusted for age, sex, education, survey pair, and cohort.