Fig. 6. Acetylcholine has different effects on nAChRs in neurons isolated from Anopheles gambiae KdrKis strains.

a Superimposed semilogarithmic dose-response curves for the ACh-induced currents recorded at a holding potential of −50mV in isolated neurons from mosquito strains Kis and KdrKis, as indicated on the graph. Note that for concentration lower than 100 µM (i.e., 30 µM), ACh produced higher current amplitude than in Kis neurons. Data are mean ± S.E.M. (n = 3–16). b, c Comparative histogram showing the effects of pulse application of ACh (3 s in duration) tested at 30 µM (b, n = 5 and n = 12, for Kis and KdrKis, respectively) and 1 mM (c, n = 16 and n = 9 for Kis and KdrKis, respectively). Bars represent mean ± S.E.M. Statistical test used was the Mann–Whitney test, *p < 0.05; ns, non-significant. d, e Voltage dependence of the inward sodium current recorded in Kis and KdrKis neurons. Current–voltage relationship constructed from values of maximum current amplitude plotted as a function of test potentials (holding potential −90 mV) in Kis (d, n = 6–7) and KdrKis (e, n = 4–7). Insets represent typical examples of inward sodium currents elicited with a 4 ms depolarizing pulse to −10 mV applied from a holding potential of −90 mV. Currents are capacity- and leak-corrected. Note that in both Kis and KdrKis neurons, the inward sodium current present an incomplete inactivation during the maintained depolarization. However, the current amplitude is smaller in KdrKis neurons compared to that of Kis neurons. Data are mean ± S.E.M. In all cases, the number of experiments (n) are biologically independent samples.