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. 2021 Jun 2;11:11563. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90851-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Graph A: adolescents and young adults reported higher levels of vigor compared to tension and depression in May 2020 (T1). All three mood levels showed quadratic age effects, with a drop in vigor and a peak in tension and depression in young adulthood. Graph B: adolescents and young adults reported higher levels of vigor compared to tension and depression in November 2020 (T2). Vigor showed a quadratic age effect with a drop in young adulthood, whereas tension and depression mean levels showed positive linear effects. Graph C: Adolescents and young adults reported more fluctuations in vigor, compared to tension and depression, which was specifically pronounced among younger adolescents at T1. Fluctuations in vigor showed a negative linear effect as a function of age, while tension and depression fluctuations peaked during late adolescence/young adulthood. Graph D: Adolescents show more vigour fluctuations compared to tension and depression fluctuations at T2. This disparity is less profound among young adults. There was no age effect of vigour fluctuations. However, tension and depression fluctuations showed a positive linear age effect across adolescence.