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. 2021 May 20;8:681617. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.681617

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Copyright © 2021 Perez, Perez and Perez.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Tissue engineering overview. (A) The surface of a cell is covered with different types of integrin proteins, which recognize molecular queues in the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment. (B) The ECM is composed of diverse biological components, such as collagen fibers, which can interact with integrins through specific amino acid sequences (e.g., GFOGER in the example, pdbid 1dzi). (C) The goal in tissue engineering is to design materials, such as self-assembling peptides that provide an ECM scaffold and chemical queues that can trigger cellular behavior.