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. 2021 May 20;12:623719. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.623719

TABLE 1.

Categories of stressors, definition, and list of the 77 events.

Category Definition Situations
(1) Expectations about the performance Refers to the situations related to goals and pressure. The goal refers to the athlete’s ambition to achieve a certain sporting results and the pressure to meet the established goals, “obligation” to win a certain game and achieve expected results. (5) Being the favorite
(6) Establishing high goals
(20) Assuming responsibilities inside the team
(22) Press pressure
(39) Pressure of the other people to win
(49) Self-pressure to play well
(51) Coach pressure to win
(2) Personal factors Refers to the demands (costs or psychological benefits) of sports practice. This category includes the athlete’s disposition, his psychological and organic state, and other aspects of professional practice such as the employment contract. (1) Not being in a good shape
(3) Being very nervous
(4) Not sleeping well the night before the competition
(24) Being with the contract already due or close to its maturity
(25) Some other team wanting to book you
(73) Lack of psychological preparation
(3) Competition aspects (aspects of the game) Refers to the events that commonly occur during the competition. A negative stress response occurs when the athlete has feelings or thoughts of concern about some aspect of the game, the conditions of the field, the crowd, etc. (2) Staying in the bench and not playing during the game
(18) Playing against a hostile audience
(19) Playing at home
(21) A protracted competition
(26) Playing at night
(27) Playing in an empty stadium
(28) Playing in a rough ground/court
(31) Playing in the afternoon
(40) Playing a derby
(44) Being in the bench and entering during the game
(45) Knowing that you are playing minutes before the game starts
(52) Knowing in advance that you are going to play
(55) Being isolated in a facility on the eve of the match
(56) Getting a yellow card
(57) Decision by sudden death
(58) Playing in the rain
(59) Playing injured
(60) Playing in the morning
(63) Being advised that you are not going to play just before the game
(67) Wrong plays in decisive moments
(70) Being blatantly dribbled during the game
(71) Playing under very warm climate
(72) Wrong plays at the end of the game
(74) Inadequate technical and tactical preparation
(76) Playing an improvised position
(3) Competition aspects (imminent or real failure) Refers to the situations in which the player has imminent possibilities of failure or which involve a real failure. (8) Previous defeats
(12) Defeats in the beginning of a championship
(33) When your team suffers a goal
(35) Losing by a dilated score
(36) Not scoring a goal that was practically attained
(37) Scoring a goal against your own team
(38) Losing a penalty
(65) Finishing the first half with an adverse score
(3) Competition aspects (opponents’ aspects) Refers to situations related to opponents in any aspect, behaviors, previous negative experiences, etc. (7) Playing against unknown opponents
(11) Being perplexed with the good performance of the opponents
(14) Great superiority of the opponents
(17) Having lost previously to the same opponent
(30) Being ridiculed by opponent during the game
(77) Playing against and aggressive opponent
(4) Training demands Refers to the role that factors inherent to the sporting event play in the stress process, if the athlete does not have a personal aptitude to deal with the demands of training and competitions, there is a risk of failure or a decrease in performance. (16) Having bad lodgings and facilities
(29) Being blatantly dribbled during tactical training
(32) Doing a speed training
(34) Stretching
(41) Doing a tactical training 1 day before the game
(42) Excessive physical training
(43) Training early in the morning
(47) A long trip
(48) Training in 2 periods
(53) A hard warm up before the game
(62) Doing too much weight exercise
(66) A light warm up before the game
(68) Pre-season out of the routine premises
(69) Too much resistance training
(5) Relationship with significant people Refers to the extent and nature of bonds with people who are significant to athletes and who influence their performance. These people are fully involved in the structure, dynamics, and social environment of the sport practiced. (9) Having problems or conflicts with the coach
(10) Having problems or conflicts with the teammates
(13) Being scolded by a teammate during the game
(15) Being jeopardized by the referees
(46) Being scolded by the coach during the mid-game interval
(50) Press behavior before the game
(54) Being scolded by the coach during the pre-game talk
(61) Conflicts with the family
(64) Receiving threats from the referee during the game
(75) Lack of group cohesion