Table 1.
Quality of scenarios in terms of the degree of health threat
| Foundation | Type of threat | Scenarios | Perceived health threat | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Differences across scenarios | |||
| Care-1 | Type A | You see someone shouting at tourists and removing them from his/her shop for fear of coronavirus infection. | 3.44 (.14) |
F(2, 80) = 24.06 p < .001 A > B > C |
| Type B | You see someone shouting at tourists and removing them from his/her shop for fear of contracting bird flu. | 2.80 (.18) | ||
| Type C | You see someone shouting at tourists passing by his/her shop and trying to drive them away. | 2.07 (.18) | ||
| Care-2 | Type A | You see someone on the bus shouting at a coughing passenger for fear of coronavirus infection. | 3.98 (.15) |
F(2, 82) = 56.64 p < .001 A = B > C |
| Type B | You see someone scolding a passenger who is constantly sneezing on the minibus for fear of contracting the flu. | 3.69 (.17) | ||
| Type C | You see someone scolding a passenger who missed his/her stop on the subway. | 1.79 (.16) | ||
| Fairness-1 | Type A | You see someone in the queue for the COVID-19 test who takes advantage of his/her friend working there so as to go to the front of the queue and thus not risk coronavirus infection. | 3.10 (.18) |
F(2, 80) = 24.48 p < .001 A > B > C |
| Type B | You see someone in the hospital waiting to be examined who takes advantage of his/her neighbor working there so as to avoid waiting in a queue and thus not risk infection with seasonal flu. | 2.51 (.20) | ||
| Type C | You see someone who does not wait in the queue at the post office by taking advantage of the fact that his/her friend works there. | 1.61 (.16) | ||
| Fairness-2 | Type A | You see someone who buys all of the masks remaining in his/her district to protect him/herself from coronavirus. | 3.12 (.18) |
F(2, 82) = 14.51 p < .001 A = B > C |
| Type B | You see someone who collects all of the flu medicines left in the pharmacies in his/her district due to his/her having frequent colds. | 3.07 (.17) | ||
| Type C | You see someone who buys all of the bread for him or herself in the only market of his/her town. | 2.14 (1.15) | ||
| Liberty-1 | Type A | You see a man who forces his wife to wear a mask when going outside so that she does not carry the coronavirus home. | 3.98 (.19) |
F(2, 82) = 28.51 p < .001 A > B > C |
| Type B | You see a man who forces his wife to wear a woolen tank top while going out so that she won’t bring home cold and sickness. | 2.74 (.15) | ||
| Type C | You see a man who forces his wife to dress only in a way that he approves. | 1.98 (.20) | ||
| Liberty-2 | Type A | You see someone who wants one’s sibling coming into the home from outside to undress down to his/her underwear before entering the house, so that s/he does not carry coronavirus indoors. | 3.55 (.19) |
F(2, 78) = 7.47 p < .001 A > B = C |
| Type B | You see someone who wants his or her colorfully dressed sibling to change his/her clothes because excessively colored clothing triggers his/her migraine. | 2.52 (.18) | ||
| Type C | You see someone who asks his or her sibling to change his/her clothes because s/he is not dressing in a way that s/he approves. | 2.80 (.21) | ||
| Loyalty-1 | Type A | You see an asthma patient trying to leave Turkey by claiming that Turks would fail in their fight with the coronavirus. | 3.02 (.22) |
F(2, 80) = 30.70 p < .001 A = B > C |
| Type B | You see a chronic diabetes patient wanting to live in another country by claiming that Turks offer inadequate in healthcare. | 2.78 (.18) | ||
| Type C | You see someone who says s/he wants to live abroad because s/he finds Turks uncivilized and backward. | 1.58 (.15) | ||
| Loyalty-2 | Type A | You see someone who refuses to be his or her sibling’s wedding witness due to the coronavirus epidemic. | 3.55 (.18) |
F(2, 82) = 42.35 p < .001 A = B > C |
| Type B | You see someone who doesn’t attend his or her sibling’s wedding in the country because s/he is allergic to pollen. | 3.33 (.17) | ||
| Type C | You see someone not attending his or her sibling’s wedding. | 1.69 (.15) | ||
| Authority-1 | Type A | You see someone shouting publicly at his or her boss who refuses to take action against the coronavirus at work. | 4.17 (.15) |
F(2, 80) = 61.70 p < .001 A > B > C |
| Type B | You see someone publicly shouting at his or her boss who refuses to buy a heater at work, even though the employees often get cold and sick. | 3.61 (.19) | ||
| Type C | You see someone raising his/her voice to his or her boss in public. | 1.83 (1.16) | ||
| Authority-2 | Type A | You see a hospital cleaner who refuses to perform the tasks assigned to him/her because the hospital officials do not provide COVID-19 protective clothing for their employees. | 4.33 (.15) |
F(2, 82) = 19.33 p < .001 A > B = C |
| Type B | You see a cleaner who refuses to fulfill his/her duty because the hospital authorities do not provide non-slip soles for hospital staff working on wet ground. | 3.59 (.14) | ||
| Type C | You see a caregiver who refuses to follow the hospital director’s instructions. | 3.14 (.18) | ||
| Purity-1 | Type A | You see someone who burned the Holy Quran which s/he recently bought from a bookshop after learning that the bookseller of that shop was diagnosed with COVID-19. | 2.60 (.20) |
F(2, 78) = .14 p > .05 A = B = C |
| Type B | You see someone throwing away the old Holy Quran in her room because she is allergic to book dust. | 2.50 (.21) | ||
| Type C | You see someone who tears and burns the Holy Quran. | 2.47 (.25) | ||
| Purity-2 | Type A | You see someone who cuts up the Turkish flag in her home to make a mask to protect against coronavirus. | 3.17 (.19) |
F(2, 82) = 16.83 p < .001 A > B > C |
| Type B | You see someone tearing the Turkish flag and wrapping it around his/her sprained ankle. | 2.64 (.17) | ||
| Type C | You see someone sitting on the Turkish flag in the park. | 1.90 (.20) | ||
Notes. Health threat scores were computed on three different pilot test datasets (Ns ≈ 40). Type A scenarios refers to the salience of the COVID-19 threat, Type B scenarios to the salience of a non-COVID-19 health threat, and Type C scenarios to the absence of health threat. SD = Standard deviation. ** p < .01, * p < .05