Table 11.
Alcohol and constipation
| Ref. | Location | Sample size | Age range (yr) | Definition of constipation | Weekly alcohol consumption | Prevalence (%) | Odds ratio (95%CI) | P value |
| Choung et al[83], 2007 | United States | 7805 | 20-95 | BDQ | No alcohol; Alcohol | 16; 17 | 1; 1.1 (0.7, 1.7) | NS |
| Talley et al[49], 1993 | United States | 690 | 30-64 | Rome I | No alcohol; > 7 drinks | 19.7; 9.41 | 3.6 (1.2, 10.4) | < 0.05 |
| Chang et al[46], 2007 | United States | 523 | 30-64 | Rome III | 0 drinks; 1-2; 3-6; > 7; Any alcohol | 19.3; 19.2; 14.1; 14.9; 16.3 | 1.0; 0.99 (0.55, 1.79); 0.69 (0.34, 1.39); 0.73 (0.35, 1.53); 0.82 (0.52, 1.29) | NS |
| Fosnes et al[54], 2011 | Norway | 4622 | 31-76 | Rome II | > Once; < Once | 10.61; 14.21 | 0.94 (0.89, 0.99) | 0.024 |
| Choung et al[65], 2012 | United States | 2853 | > 20 | Rome II | 1-6 drinks; 7+ drinks | 25.31; 23.11 | NR | NS |
| Moezi et al[52], 2018 | Iran | 9264 | 40-75 | Rome IV | No alcohol; Alcohol | 7.91; 9.71 | NR | NS |
| Lu et al[56], 2006 | Taiwan | 2018 | > 20 | Rome II | No alcohol; Alcohol | 8.91; 7.41 | NR | NS |
1
Calculated from data published.
NR: Not reported; NS: Not significant; BDQ: Bowel disease questionnaire (similar to Rome criteria).