Table 1.
Participant demographics (mean ± SD).
| Female cannabis users | Male cannabis users | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 54 | 58 | - |
| Age (years) | 30.4 ± 7.4 (range: 19–47) | 31.6 ± 7.5 (range 21–55) | 0.43 |
| Years of education | 13.0 ± 3.5 | 13.2 ± 2.2 | 0.17 |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic/Latino | 10 | 11 | 0.95 |
| Non-Hispanic/Latino | 44 | 47 | |
| Race | |||
| Caucasian | 33 | 32 | 0.92 |
| African American | 14 | 15 | |
| Asian | 1 | 1 | |
| Other | 6 | 10 | |
| Number of alcohol drinking days in preceding 60 days | 8.7 ± 10.8 (range: 0–60) | 15.7 ± 18.3 (range: 0–60) | 0.018* |
| Amount of alcohol (# of drinks) | 28.2 ± 39.4 (range: 0–240) | 63.5 ± 86.9 (range: 0–381) | 0.0064* |
| Average number of drinks per drinking day | 2.9 ± 1.7 (range: 0–6.7) | 3.4 ± 2.7 (range: 0–14) | 0.20 |
| Number of smoking days in preceding 60 days | 1.8 ± 5.4 (range: 0–30) | 0.7 ± 2.0 (range: 0–10) | 0.16 |
| Number of cannabis use days in preceding 60 days | 59.6 ± 1.6 (range: 49–60) | 58.7 ± 6.8 (range: 47–60) | 0.31 |
| Amount of cannabis use in preceding 60 days (grams) | 1.9 ± 1.3 (range: 0.19–5.0) | 4.1 ± 12.9 (range: 0.16–12.14) | 0.23 |
| Age of first cannabis use (years) | 16.0 ± 4.5 (range: 7–37) | 16.1 ± 3.2 (range: 9–25) | 0.86 |
| Duration of regular cannabis use (years) | 14.8 ± 7.6 (range: 3.8–33.3) | 15.7 ± 7.9 (range: 2.7–41.1) | 0.54 |
| Time since last cannabis use (hours) | 78.7 ± 6.7 (range: 72.0–107.2) | 79.0 ± 6.4 (range: 72.5–101.0) | 0.81 |
| Number of participants meeting criteria for cannabis abuse (current / lifetime) | 11/15 | 23/30 | 0.025*/0.025* |
| Number of participants meeting criteria for cannabis dependence (current / lifetime) | 17/24 | 14/19 | 0.18/0.44 |
| MPS | 3.4 ± 4.5 (range: 0–24) | 2.6 ± 2.8 (range: 0–13) | 0.26 |
| Pre-fMRI MCQ | 283.1 ± 159.8 (range: 0–500) | 208.1 ± 187.5 (range: 0–500) | 0.026* |
| Post-fMRI MCQ | 322.4 ± 169.1 (range: 0–500) | 196.3 ± 159.9 (range: 0–500) | < 0.001* |
| Average craving rating to cannabis cue during cue-exposure task | 5.5 ± 3.3 (range: 0–10) | 4.6 ± 3.2 (range: 0–10) | 0.18 |
| MWC | 11.0 ± 8.4 (range: 0–29) | 6.9 ± 6.1 (range: 0–28) | 0.087 |
| THC/Cr level | 21.2 ± 135.6 (range: 0–150) | 54.0 ± 222.7 (range: 0–250) | 0.35 |
MPS, Marijuana Problem Scale; MCQ, Marijuana Craving Questionnaire; MWC, Marijuana Withdrawal Checklist; THC, Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol; Cr, creatinine.