Table 1.
Demographic, health systems and polio eradication programme characteristics, by country
| Indicatora | Afghanistan | Bangladesh | Democratic Republic of Congo | Ethiopia | India | Indonesia | Nigeria |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population, millions (2018) | 37.1 | 161.3 | 80.0 | 109.2 | 1003 | 267.6 | 195.8 |
| GNI per capita (2015)b | 600 | 1220 | 460 | 600 | 1600 | 3430 | 2880 |
| Under-5 mortality rate per 1000 live births (2015) | 73.1 | 36.4 | 51.3 | 61.2 | 44.1 | 27.2 | 107.5 |
| Maternal mortality ratio per 100 000 live births (2015) | 396 | 176 | 442 | 353 | 174 | 126 | 814 |
| Fragility index (2015)c | 107.9 | 91.8 | 109.7 | 97.5 | 79.3 | 75.0 | 102.5 |
| Health systems indicators | |||||||
| Current health expenditure as % of GDP (2015) | 10.3 | 3.5 | 7.81 | 4.73 (2013/14) | 4.69 | 3.35 | 3.56 |
| OOP payments as % of current health expenditure (2015) | 78.4 (2011) | 61 (2011) | 38 | 33 (2013/14) | 41 | 48.3 | 72.24 |
| Number of hospital beds per 10 000 populationd | 5 (2015) | 8 (2015) | 8 (2006) | 3 (2015) | 7 (2011) | 12 (2015) | 5 (2004) |
| Number of clinical health workers (doctors, nurses, midwives) per 10 000 populationd | 6.2 (2014) | 7.4 (2015) | 5.6 (2013) | 9.4 (2017) | 28.9 (2017) | 24.4 (2017) | 18.4 (2013) |
| Polio eradication programme | |||||||
| Polio country statuse at initiation of data collection (2018) | Endemic | Polio-free (2014) | Outbreak | At-risk | Polio-free (2014) | Polio-free (2014) | Endemic |
| Polio country status at time of publication (2020) | Endemic | Polio-free (2014) | Outbreak | Outbreak | Polio-free (2014) | At-risk | Outbreak |
| Oral poliovirus third dose (OPV3) coverage 2000–2018 (%)f | 24–73 | 83–98 | 42–79 | 55–67 | 57–89 | 72–80 | 31–57 |
| Inactivated polio vaccine first dose (IPV1) coverage (2018) (%)f | 66 | 75 | 79 | 52 | 75 | 66 | 57 |
| External support | Extensive; government only covers 5% of immunization programme | GPEI ending in 2019 Gavi ending in 2022 |
Substantial financing from external sources | Substantial financing from external sources, mainly GPEI which is ramping down. Resource mobilization includes engaging other donors to support programme | External support from Gavi, GPEI and others but most from government of India | Funded by government of Indonesia and Gavi support (2004–2017) | External support from WHO, UNICEF, Rotary, CDC and Gavi |
All data from country programme summaries and HiT tools unless otherwise noted.
Data from World Bank Data: https://data.worldbank.org/country.
Fragile States Index: https://fragilestatesindex.org/country-data/.
Data from WHO Global Health Observatory: http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.
A number of polio status changes occurred between the initiation of data collection and publication. At the initiation of research, Ethiopia was classified as ‘at-risk’ but subsequently confirmed two cases of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) in May 2019, linked to an ongoing outbreak in Somalia. Indonesia also confirmed one case of cVDPV in Papua province in November 2018 and was temporarily re-classified as an outbreak country; Indonesia was deemed as no longer infected in June 2020 and re-classified as an at-risk country vulnerable to reinfection. Finally, in August 2020, Nigeria was declared wild poliovirus (WPV)-free along with the entire WHO AFRO region after 4 years without a WPV case.
WHO/UNICEF Estimates of National Immunization Coverage (WUENIC).