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. 2021 Jun 3;14:25. doi: 10.1186/s13072-021-00400-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Characteristics and localization of repetitive DNA. A Distribution of repetitive elements along the chromosome. B Schematics showing the epigenetic characteristics of heterochromatin with methylated cytosines and nucleosomes containing histone H2 di- or tri-methylated on lysine 9 (H3K9me3). Heterochromatic protein 1 (HP1) binds H3K9me3. C Schematic representation of the nucleus showing the organization and localization of heterochromatic REs which are mainly distributed in the nuclear periphery, in the perinucleolar space or as heterochromatic bodies like the case of pericentromeres