Table 3.
Upright Invasive Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
| Variable | ILD Non-PH (n = 22) | ILD + ePH (n = 14) | ILD + rPH (n = 13) |
P Value |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | ePH vs Non-PH |
ePH vs rPH |
Non-PH vs rPH | ||||
| Peak work, Watts | 96 ± 27 | 94 ± 30 | 57 ± 35 | .002 | .979 | .008 | .002 |
| Peak VO2, % predicted | 81 ± 16 | 67 ± 13 | 61 ± 10 | < .001 | .016 | .508 | < .001 |
| Peak VO2 indexed to LBM, mL/kg/min | 26.2 ± 4.7 | 22.6 ± 3.4 | 18.6 ± 3.0 | < .0001 | .029 | .033 | < .0001 |
| VO2 at the AT, % VO2MAX predicted | 42 ± 10 | 37 ± 12 | 37 ± 5 | .117 | |||
| Peak heart rate, % predicted | 86 ± 9 | 89 ± 11 | 78 ± 13 | .025 | .715 | .025 | .078 |
| Peak RER | 1.14 ± 0.13 | 1.14 ± 0.15 | 1.07 ± 0.17 | .233 | |||
| Peak PA−aO2, mm Hg | 31.0 ± 20.2 | 46.9 ± 17.0 | 55.9 ± 13.9 | < .001 | .033 | .393 | < .001 |
| Peak Pao2, mm Hg | 86.6 ± 22.1 | 69.7 ±16.3 | 60.7 ± 11.2 | < .001 | .027 | .395 | < .001 |
| Peak Sao2, % | 94.7 ± 3.7 | 91.3 ± 5.2 | 87.8 ± 6.0 | .001 | .049 | .252 | < .001 |
| Peak VD/VT | 0.25 ± 0.10 | 0.31 ± 0.12 | 0.30 ± 0.21 | .524 | |||
| VE/VCO2 slope | 34.2 ± 8.2 | 35.5 ± 6.6 | 41.7 ± 10.6 | .072 | |||
| VEMAX/MVV | 0.73 ± 0.24 | 0.70 ± 0.17 | 0.98 ± 0.42 | .085 | |||
| VEAT/MVV | 0.30 ± 0.11 | 0.32 ± 0.13 | 0.49 ± 0.18 | < .001 | .921 | .006 | < .001 |
| Peak lactate, mg/dL | 4.9 ± 1.8 | 4.6 ± 1.2 | 4.2 ± 1.5 | .452 | |||
| Peak RAP, mm Hg | 4 ± 3 | 5 ± 3 | 7 ± 4 | .105 | |||
| Peak mPAP, mm Hg | 27 ± 5 | 40 ± 8 | 51 ± 10 | < .0001 | .0001 | .163 | < .0001 |
| Peak PAWP, mm Hg | 10 ± 4 | 12 ± 4 | 15 ± 6 | .037 | .207 | .512 | .018 |
| Peak TPG, mm Hg | 17 ± 5 | 28 ± 8 | 36 ± 10 | < .0001 | < .001 | .145 | < .0001 |
| Peak cardiac output, L/min | 11.2 ± 2.8 | 10.9 ± 1.8 | 9.3 ± 2.5 | .101 | |||
| Peak cardiac index, L/min/m2 | 6.1 ± 1.4 | 5.7 ± 0.9 | 4.8 ± 1.2 | .025 | .775 | .139 | .020 |
| Peak TPR, WU | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 3.8 ± 0.8 | 5.8 ± 1.8 | < .0001 | .007 | < .0001 | < .0001 |
| Peak PVR, WU | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 4.1 ± 1.4 | < .0001 | .005 | < .001 | < .0001 |
| Peak PVC, mL/mm Hg | 3.2 ± 1.3 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | < .0001 | .239 | .004 | < .0001 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD. AT = anaerobic threshold; LBM = lean body mass; MVV = maximal voluntary ventilation; PA−aO2 = alveolar–arterial oxygen tension difference; RER = respiratory exchange ratio; Sao2 = arterial oxygen saturation; TPG = transpulmonary gradient; VCO2 = CO2 production; VD = dead space volume; VE = minute ventilation; VEAT = minute ventilation at the anaerobic threshold; VEAT/MVV = ventilatory reserve at the anaerobic threshold; VEMAX = minute ventilation at peak exercise; VEMAX/MVV = ventilatory reserve at peak exercise; VE/VCO2 slope = ventilatory equivalent for CO2 VO2 = oxygen uptake; VO2MAX = maximal oxygen uptake; VT = tidal volume. See Table 1 and 2 legends for expansion of other abbreviations.