Table 1.

Baseline and In-Hospital Characteristics of PAH Admissions Stratified by PCS Use

Characteristic	PCS Use (n = 682)	No PCS Use (n = 29,813)	P Value
Age, y	62.2 ± 16.2	55.9 ± 17.4	< .001
Female sex	77.1	76.6	.78
Race			< .001
White	74.1	65.1
Black	17.9	17.8
Othersa	7.9	17.1
Primary payer			< .001
Medicare	55.5	45.9
Medicaid	10.7	16.5
Private	31.6	31.3
Othersb	2.2	6.3
Weekend admission	21.6	14.3	< .001
Quartile of median household income for zip code			< .001
0-25th	16.5	23.7
26th-50th	30.3	24.8
51st-75th	28.9	24.7
75th-100th	24.3	26.8
Charlson Comorbidity Index			< .001
0-3	33.1	58.3
4-6	42.8	31.9
≥ 7	24.0	9.8
Hospital teaching status and location			< .001
Rural	2.1	7.0
Urban nonteaching	23.5	22.4
Urban teaching	74.4	70.6
Hospital size by no. of beds			< .001
Small	7.9	12.5
Medium	18.6	14.4
Large	73.4	73.1
Hospital region			< .001
Northeast	15.1	23.3
Midwest	27.5	19.5
South	29.1	32.7
West	28.3	24.5
Heart failure	9.5	3.7	< .001
Cardiogenic shock	10.1	1.4	< .001
Acute pulmonary embolism	2.2	1.8	.38
Acute noncardiac organ failure
Respiratory	39.3	11.0	< .001
Renal	40.1	13.1	< .001
Hepatic	1.5	1.1	.36
Hematologic	21.6	9.1	< .001
Neurologic	12.5	1.1	< .001
Coronary angiography	28.9	20.8	< .001
Percutaneous coronary intervention	0.0	1.2	< .001
Right heart catheterization	24.5	29.1	.01
Pulmonary artery catheterization (continuous monitoring)	9.9	10.9	.40
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation	1.5	0.3	< .001
Fiber-optic bronchoscopy	2.9	2.4	.38
Invasive mechanical ventilation	9.5	4.0	< .001
Noninvasive mechanical ventilation	16.7	3.7	< .001
Acute hemodialysis	2.3	0.8	< .001

Data are presented as percentage or mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. PAH = pulmonary arterial hypertension; PCS = palliative care services.

^aHispanic, Asian, Native American, others.

^bUninsured, no charge, others.