Table 4.

Showing sub-group analysis of HBV prevalence by sample size, year of publication, regions of Africa, and HCWs professions in Africa

	Prevalence of HBsAg	95% Confidence interval	Heterogeneity (I²%)	P-value
Sub-group analysis by sample size
1. < 101	11.33	6.17–16.50	76.0	P = 0.002
2. 101–384	5.57	4.31–6.83	85.7	P < 0.001
3. 385–1000	6.42	4.24–8.61	95.1	P < 0.001
4. > 1000	5.91	0.48–11.54	97.6	P < 0.001
Sub-group analysis by year of publication
1. < 2001	12.32	3.32–21.39	97.1	P < 0.001
2. 2001–2010	5.79	3.43–8.16	88.3	P < 0.001
3. 2011–2021	5.71	4.68–6.74	87.7	P < 0.001
Sub-group analysis by regions of Africa
1. North Africa	3.50	2.41–4.58	83.8	P < 0.001
2. East Africa	5.51	4.03–6.99	77.5	P < 0.001
3. Middle Africa	8.77	6.32–11.21	72.2	P = 0.003
4. Western Africa	11.69	8.21–15.17	91.8	P < 0.001
5. Southern Africa	2.90	1.04–4.99	-	-
Sub-group analysis by professions
1. Physician	6.30	3.54–9.07	81.8	P < 0.001
2. Nurses	6.31	4.23–8.40	84.5	P < 0.001
3. Laboratory staff	7.32	3.77–10.88	59.4	P = 0.003