Table 3.
Antibiotic resistance gene profiles and antimicrobial resistance profiling in PMQR-positive and PMQR-negative isolates
| Antimicrobial resistance profiling | CRKPs (n = 149) | P-values | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PMQR+ (n = 89) | % | PMQR− (n = 60) | % | |||
| Carbapenem resistance genes | blaNDM | 26 | 29.2 | 3 | 5 | < 0.01 |
| blaKPC | 51 | 57.3 | 48 | 80 | < 0.01 | |
| blaIMP | 0 | 0 | 3 | 5 | > 0.05 | |
| blaNDM + blaKPC | 9 | 10.1 | 5 | 8.3 | > 0.05 | |
| blaIMP + blaKPC | 1 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| ESBL genes | blaCTX-M | 41 | 46.1 | 31 | 51.7 | > 0.05 |
| blaSHV | 5 | 5.6 | 5 | 8.3 | > 0.05 | |
| blaCTX-M + blaSHV | 26 | 29.2 | 21 | 35 | > 0.05 | |
| Antimicrobial | Imipenem | 88 | 98.9 | 58 | 96.7 | > 0.05 |
| Meropenem | 89 | 100.0 | 60 | 100 | > 0.05 | |
| Cefoxitin | 86 | 96.6 | 58 | 96.7 | > 0.05 | |
| Cefotaxime | 88 | 98.9 | 60 | 100 | > 0.05 | |
| Cefepime | 88 | 98.9 | 59 | 98.3 | > 0.05 | |
| Ceftazidime | 87 | 97.8 | 59 | 98.3 | > 0.05 | |
| Aztreonam | 79 | 88.8 | 58 | 96.7 | > 0.05 | |
| Gentamicin | 52 | 58.4 | 45 | 75.0 | < 0.05 | |
| Amikacin | 35 | 39.3 | 40 | 66.7 | < 0.01 | |
| Ceftazidime/ avibactam | 28 | 31.5 | 9 | 15.0 | < 0.05 | |
| Polymyxin B | 2 | 2.2 | 3 | 5.0 | > 0.05 | |
| Tigecycline | 4 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 | > 0.05 | |
| Piperacillin/ tazobactam | 80 | 89.9 | 54 | 90.0 | > 0.05 | |
| Ciprofloxacin | 65 | 73.0 | 52 | 86.7 | < 0.05 | |
| Tetracycline | 68 | 76.4 | 12 | 20.0 | < 0.01 | |
| Minocycline | 52 | 58.4 | 12 | 20.0 | < 0.01 | |
| Sulfamethoxazole | 65 | 73.0 | 17 | 28.3 | < 0.01 | |
PMQR+: Represents CRKP isolates with PMQR genes
PMQR−: Represents CRKP isolates without PMQR genes
+: Represents one CRKP isolate harboring two antibiotic-resistance genes simultaneously
P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant
PMQR plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance, CRKP carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, ESBL extended-spectrum beta-lactamase