Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics of women with and without PrE/E in PCMH
| Characteristics | Total n (%) | Cases n (%) | Controls n (%) | COR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 672 | 214 | 458 | ||
| Age | (668) | (213) | (455) | ||
| Means | 25.30 (±5.19) | 25.01 (± 5.95) | 25.43 (± 5.91) | 0.401 | |
| < 20 | 128 (19.2) | 47 (22.1) | 81 (17.8) | 1.33 (0.88–2.02) | 0.171 |
| 20–32 | 442 (66.2) | 134 (62.9) | 308 (67.7) | 1.0 | |
| > 32 | 98 (14.7) | 32 (15.0) | 66 (14.5) | 1.11 (0.70–1.78) | 0.650 |
| Relationshipa | (668) | (211) | (457) | ||
| Yes | 521 (78.0) | 175 (82.9) | 346 (75.7) | 1.56 (1.03–2.37) | 0.036 |
| No | 147 (22.0) | 36 (17.1) | 111 (24.3) | 1.0 | |
| Religion | (662) | (212) | (450) | ||
| Christian | 193 (29.2) | 59 (27.8) | 134 (29.8) | 1.0 | |
| Muslim | 469 (70.8) | 153 (72.2) | 316 (70.2) | 1.10 (0.77–1.58) | 0.607 |
| Ethnicity | (669) | (212) | (457) | ||
| Mende | 104 (15.5) | 29 (13.7) | 75 (16.4) | 1.0 | |
| Temne | 268 (40.1) | 89 (42.0) | 179 (39.2) | 1.29 (0.78–2.12) | 0.322 |
| Otherb | 297 (44.4) | 94 (44.3) | 203 (44.4) | 1.20 (0.73–1.96) | 0.474 |
| Education | (669) | (212) | (457) | ||
| Illiterate | 302 (45.1) | 104 (49.1) | 198 (43.3) | 1.26 (0.91–1.75) | 0.166 |
| literate | 367 (54.9) | 108 (50.9) | 259 (56.7) | 1.0 | |
| Occupation | (662) | (209) | (453) | ||
| Housewife | 130 (19.6) | 66 (31.6) | 64 (14.1) | 3.88 (2.43–6.22) | < 0.001 |
| Trader | 308 (46.5) | 96 (45.9) | 212 (46.8) | 1.71 (1.14–2.55) | 0.009 |
| Otherc | 224 (33.8) | 47 (22.5) | 177 (39.1) | 1.00 | |
| Number of Children | (672) | (214) | (458) | ||
| Own children | 1.01 (±1.20) | 1.08 (±1.24) | 0.98 (±1.17) | 0.307 | |
| Other children | 0.33 (±0.71) | 0.27(±0.68) | 0.36 (±0.72) | 0.115 | |
| Place of residence | (657) | (207) | (450) | ||
| City | 487 (74.1) | 151 (72.9) | 336 (74.7) | 1.0 | |
| Suburb/Rural | 170 (25.9) | 56 (27.1) | 114 (25.3) | 1.09 (0.75–1.59) | 0.640 |
| Antenatal care visitsd | (672) 5.36 (±2.61) | (214) 5.76 (±2.34) | (458) 5.18 (±2.70) | ||
| Travel timee | (647) | (208) | (439) | ||
| Median | 45 (30–60) | 60 (41–90) | 40 (30–60) | < 0.001 | |
| Means | 52 (± 34.91) | 69 (± 38.63) | 45 (± 30.02) | ||
| Travel costf | (540) | (194) | (346) | ||
| Median | 3000 (2000–6000) | 5000 (3000–8000) | 2750 (2000–4075) | < 0.001 | |
| Means | 5600 (±8800) | 7600 (±10,400) | 4500 (±7600) | ||
| Maternal assetsg | (647) | (205) | (442) | ||
| ≤ 50,000 SLL | 169 (26.1) | 82 (40.0) | 87 (19.7) | 2.72 (1.89–3.92) | < 0.001 |
| > 50,000 SLL | 478 (73.9) | 123 (60.0) | 355 (80.3) | 1.0 | |
| Economic statush | (668) | (211) | (457) | ||
| Low | 184 (27.5) | 75 (35.5) | 109 (23.9) | 1.92 (1.18–3.14) | 0.008 |
| Middle | 355 (53.1) | 102 (48.3) | 253 (55.4) | 1.13 (0.72–1.77) | 0.607 |
| High | 129 (19.3) | 34 (16.1) | 95 (20.8) | 1.0 | |
| Pipe-borne water | (667) | (210) | (457) | ||
| Yes | 377 (56.5) | 105 (50.0) | 272 (59.5) | 1.0 | |
| No | 290 (43.5) | 105 (50.0) | 185 (40.5) | 1.47 (1.06–2.04) | 0.021 |
| Electricity | (667) | (210) | (457) | ||
| Yes | 490 (73.4) | 139 (65.9) | 351 (76.8) | 1.0 | |
| No | 178 (26.6) | 72 (34.1) | 106 (23.2) | 1.72 (1.20–2.45) | 0.003 |
Univariate analysis was conducted with Pearson’s Chi-square test for categorical variables. Metric variables were compared using Independent T-Test and Mann-Whitney-U-Test. Statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05, crude and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence interval were calculated
a relationship status: yes = cohabit, married; no = single, divorced, widowed
b other ethnicities = Limba, Krio, Fullah, other
c other occupation = farmer, student, other
d excluded from univariate analysis because the variable is confounded by pregnancy status during recruitment
e to Princess Christian Maternity Hospital in minutes
f to Princess Christian Maternity Hospital in Sierra Leone Leones
g monthly assets; 50,000 Sierra Leone Leones equal about 5 US-Dollar
h economic status: electricity, radio, cattle, pipe-borne water, TV, motorbike or car, mobile phone, fridge, mosquito-net; score: low = 0–3, middle = 4–6, high = 7–9