Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients receiving opioid-free anaesthesia (OFA) or opioid-based anaesthesia (OBA)
| All patients (n = 80) | OFA (n = 40) | OBA (n = 40) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 71 [64–75] | 71 [63–74] | 71 [67–75] | 0.81 |
| Male gender | 56 (70) | 25 (63) | 31 (78) | 0.14 |
| Body mass index, kg.m−2 | 25.9 [24.2–30.0] | 26.0 [24.3–30.5] | 25.8 [24.2–28.6] | 0.92 |
| EuroSCORE II, % | 3.0 [1.8–6.9] | 4.7 [2.1–9.1] | 2.0 [1.4–3.9] | < 0.001 |
| Medical history | ||||
| Redo surgery | 9 (11) | 4 (10) | 5 (13) | > 0.99 |
| Active endocarditis | 16 (20) | 9 (23) | 7 (18) | 0.58 |
| COPD | 10 (13) | 6 (15) | 4 (10) | 0.50 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 11 (14) | 5 (13) | 6 (15) | 0.75 |
| Smoking history | 14 (18) | 3 (8) | 11 (28) | 0.04 |
| Hypertension | 63 (79) | 32 (80) | 31 (78) | 0.78 |
| Dyslipidemia | 41 (51) | 25 (63) | 16 (40) | 0.04 |
| Diabetes | 18 (23) | 13 (33) | 5 (13) | 0.03 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 12 (15) | 5 (13) | 7 (18) | 0.53 |
| History of stroke | 8 (10) | 3 (8) | 5 (13) | 0.71 |
| Apfel score | 2 [2–2] | 2 [2–3] | 2 [2–2] | < 0.01 |
| LVEF, % | 60 [50–60] | 50 [50–60] | 60 [55–65] | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine clearance, mL.min−1 | 78 [62–96] | 78 [63–94] | 77 [62–101] | 0.79 |
| Non elective surgery | 25 (31) | 20 (50) | 5 (13) | < 0.01 |
| Preoperative medication | ||||
| Beta-blockers | 36 (45) | 15 (38) | 21 (51) | 0.18 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 23 (29) | 13 (33) | 10 (25) | 0.46 |
| Antiplatelet therapy* | 35 (44) | 19 (48) | 16 (40) | 0.18 |
| ACEI | 43 (54) | 22 (55) | 21 (53) | 0.82 |
| Statins | 28 (35) | 17 (43) | 11 (28) | 0.16 |
Data are presented as median [Interquartile range] or number (%) of patients. EuroSCORE II European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II, COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, LVEF Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, * aspirin and/or clopidogrel, ACEI Angiotensin-conversing-enzyme inhibitors. P value refers to comparison between OFA and OBA groups