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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 3.
Published in final edited form as: Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2020 Feb 17;43(3):269–277. doi: 10.1111/pace.13858

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Calibration of overlay guidance system in patient-specific 3D printed left atrial phantom. Atrial model (A) is segmented from preprocedural CT of a patient in the series and 3D printed (B). C, Atrial model was fixated in a waterbath with saline infused to simulate PV blood flow. A rod of varying diameters (1–4 mm) was interposed between the endocardial PV surface and cryoballoon to generate calibrated iatrogenic leaks. Leaks or absence of leaks were determined using venography and overlay guidance system. D, Photograph of the experiment Abbreviations: CB = cryoballoon; RIPV = right inferior pulmonary vein; RSPV = right superior pulmonary vein